예
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예옉옊옋옌옍옎 옏옐옑옒옓옔옕 옖옗옘옙옚옛옜 옝옞옟옠옡옢옣 | |
여 ← | → 오 |
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Early Modern Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Korean 이ᅌᅦ (ìngèy).
Pronunciation
- (c. 1750) IPA(key): [jəj]
Pronoun
예 (yey)
- here
- Synonym: 여긔 (yeogui)
- after 1795, 李洙 (I Su) [Lee Soo] et al., chapter 111, in 重刊老乞大諺解 (Junggan Nogeoldae Eonhae) [Reprinted Nogeoldae, with Korean Interpretation]Ogura Coll. Asami Coll., volume 2:
- 예 이셔 두어 ᄃᆞᆯ […]
- yey isye twue tol […]
- being here for several months […]
Descendants
- Korean: 예 (ye)
Etymology 2
From Middle Korean 예〯 (Yěy), from Old Korean 倭理 (*YEri, “Japanese”). This is among the only native (non-Sino-Korean) Korean terms for ethnic groups that survive in the written record.
Pronunciation
- (c. 1750) IPA(key): [jəːj]
Noun
예 (Yey) (occasional hanja form 穢)
- Japanese [until 1930s in some dialects]
- Synonym: 왜인(倭人) (Woayin)
Usage notes
- The hanja 穢 (yey, literally “filthy, obscene”) was sometimes assigned to this word, either pejoratively or out of a genuine misunderstanding that this was the origin of the word.
Korean
Etymology 1
Not attested in Middle Korean. Probably from the same source as 네 (ne), plausibly *녜 (*nye) (not directly attested).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yēy |
Interjection
예 • (ye)
- (formal) yes (affirms the truth of the question as stated)
- 한 번은 가보셨습니까? — 예, 가본 적 있습니다.
- Han beon-eun ga-bosyeotseumnikka? - ye, ga-bon jeok itseumnida.
- Have you been there at least once? — Yes, I have been there.
- 한 번도 가본 적 없습니까? — 예, 없습니다.
- Han beon-do ga-bon jeok eopseumnikka? - ye, eopseumnida.
- Have you never been there? — No [lit. Yes], never.
- late 19th c., 열여춘향슈졀가 上 [Song of the Virtuous Girl Chunhyang Preserving her Chastity]:
- 통인아 예 져 건네 화류 즁의 오락가락 힛ᄯᅳᆨ힛ᄯᅳᆨ 얼는얼는 ᄒᆞ는 겨 무어신지 자셔이 보와라
- Tong'ina ye jeo geonne hwaryu jung-ui orakgarak hittteukhittteuk eolleuneolleun haneun gyeo mueosinji jasyeoi bowara
- "Hey, Tong-in!" "Yes, sir." "Go look carefully at what that thing over there, amid the flowers and willows, might be: the thing that is hurrying back and forth in flashes of white."
Usage notes
- Korean has a number of words for "yes". 예 (ye) is highly polite and formal (appropriate in an interview), 네 (ne) is polite but less formal (appropriate in a conversation with parents), and 응 (eung) and 어 (eo) are plain and non-formal (appropriate in a conversation with friends).
- As in the example above, Korean "yes" follows the polarity of the question, unlike in English. Hence saying "yes" to a negatively stated question means that the negative is true.
Derived terms
- 예예 (yeye)
Etymology 2
Sino-Korean word from 例 (例, “example”), from the Middle Korean reading 례〯 (Yale: lyěy).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yēy |
Noun
South Korean Standard Language | 예(例) (ye) |
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North Korean Standard Language | 례(例) (rye) |
예 • (ye) (hanja 例)
- example
- Synonyms: 사례(事例) (sarye), 예시(例示) (yesi), 일례(一例) (illye)
- 조리예 ― joriye ― serving suggestion
- 예를 들자면, 일주일에 5kg을 감량하는 것은 현실적이지 않습니다.
- ye-reul deulja-myeon, ilju'ir-e okillogeuraem-eul gamnyanghaneun geos-eun hyeonsiljeog-iji anseumnida.
- To give an example, losing 5 kilograms in a week is not a realistic goal.
- 2014, B.I, Ju-ne, Bobby (lyrics and music), “Rhythm Ta”, in Welcome Back (full album):
- 우린 가리는 거 없어 예를 들면 때와 장소
- urin garineun geo eopseo ye-reul deulmyeon ttae-wa jangso
- we ain't fussy, for example with things like a time and place
Usage notes
- This is often formatted as "예)" in textbooks and literature.
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 例 (例) for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (例, ye).
See also
- 본보기 (bonbogi, “good example, example for others”)
Etymology 3
Sino-Korean word from 禮 (禮, “ritual, etiquette”), from the Middle Korean reading 례〮 (Yale: lyéy), 녜 (Yale: nyey).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Noun
South Korean Standard Language | 예(禮) (ye) |
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North Korean Standard Language | 례(禮) (rye) |
예 • (ye) (hanja 禮)
- (especially Confucianism) decorum, ceremonial (code of decorous behavior that all people ought to follow)
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 禮 (禮) for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (禮, ye).
Etymology 4
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 녜〯 (Yale: nyěy).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yēy |
Noun
예 • (ye)
- (in idiomatic expressions) ancient times, antiquity, old times
- 예로부터 우리나라는 동방예의지국으로 알려져왔다.
- ye-ro-buteo urinara-neun dongbang'yeuijigug-euro allyeojeo-watda.
- Since ancient times, Korea has been known as the "eastern land of decorum".
- Synonym: (much more common) 옛날 (yennal)
Usage notes
- Now used primarily in the following expressions:
- 예나 지금이나 ― ye-na jigeum-ina ― whether in old times or nowadays
- 예로부터 ― ye-ro-buteo ― since ancient times
Related terms
- 옛 (yet, “old”)
Etymology 5
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 이ᅌᅦ (Yale: ìngèy), equivalent to a contraction of modern 여기 (yeogi, “here”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Pronoun
예 • (ye)
- (dated or dialectal) here
- 예가 어디라고 감히 찾아와!
- ye-ga eodi-rago gamhi chaja-wa!
- Where do you think this is, that you dare to show up!
Etymology 6
Sino-Korean word from 濊 (濊).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Proper noun
예 • (Ye) (hanja 濊)
- an ancient tribe living in Korea in the early first millennium
- Hypernym: 예맥(濊貊) (yemaek)
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 濊 (濊) for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (濊, ye).
Etymology 7
Sino-Korean word from 羿 (羿).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [je̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [예]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ye |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ye |
McCune–Reischauer? | ye |
Yale Romanization? | yey |
Proper noun
예 • (Ye) (hanja 羿)
- Hou Yi, a legendary archer in Chinese mythology
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 羿 (羿) for Sino-Korean compounds of 예 (羿, ye).
Etymology 8
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from the Middle Korean reading 예 (Yale: yey).
Syllable
예 (ye)
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Etymology 9
South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, and also the reading in most dialects in 1945, excluding Pyongan and Yukjin, where they are pronounced in this position as 네 (ne) in Pyongan or as 녜 (nye) in Yukjin.
From Middle Korean 례 (Yale: lyey). When preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 례 (rye) form.
In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 례 (rye), but this is an artificial imposition intended to standardize Sino-Korean readings, which did not reflect any major dialect's pronunciation in 1945.
Syllable
예 (ye)
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Middle Korean
Etymology
From Old Korean 倭理 (*YEri, “Japanese”), today replaced by Sino-Korean terms in all modern dialects.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jə̌j/
Noun
예〯 (Yěy)
- the Japanese
- 1447, “Stanza 52”, in 龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가 [Yongbi eocheon'ga]:
- 請으〮로〮 온 예〯와〮 싸호〮샤〮 투〮구〮 아니〮 밧기〮시면〮 나랏〮 小民을〮 사ᄅᆞ시〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮
- CHYENG-úlwó wòn Yěy-Gwoá ssàhwósyá thwúkwú àní pàskísìmyén nàlá-s SYWO.MIN-úl sàlòsílíngìská
- If [he] had not been called to combat the hundreds of Japanese and not removed the helmet [of the Japanese general], would he have saved the poor people [of Korea]?
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Descendants
- Early Modern Korean: 예 (Yey, “Japanese”)
See also
- 되〯 (twǒy, “Jurchen”)