심하다
Korean
Etymology
심(甚) (sim, “severe”, Sino-Korean morpheme) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈɕʰi(ː)mɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [심(ː)하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | simhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | simhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | simhada |
| Yale Romanization? | sīmhata |
Adjective
심하다 • (simhada) (infinitive 심해 or 심하여, sequential 심하니)
- to be severe, to be extreme
- 두통이 아주 심한데, 두통약 좀 주시겠어요?
- Dutong-i aju simhande, dutong'yak jom jusigesseoyo?
- I have a very bad headache. Could you give me some headache medicine?
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 심하다 (simhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 심하다 simhada | 심해 simhae | 심해요 simhaeyo | 심합니다 simhamnida |
| Past | 심했다 simhaetda | 심했어 simhaesseo | 심했어요 simhaesseoyo | 심했습니다 simhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 심하냐 simhanya | 심해 simhae | 심해요 simhaeyo | 심합니까 simhamnikka |
| Past | 심했냐 simhaennya | 심했어 simhaesseo | 심했어요 simhaesseoyo | 심했습니까 simhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 심하겠다 simhagetda | 심하겠어 simhagesseo | 심하겠어요 simhagesseoyo | 심하겠습니다 simhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 심해 simhae | 심해서, 심하여서 simhaeseo, simhayeoseo | 심하니 simhani | 심하니까 simhanikka | |
| Contrast | 심하지만 simhajiman | 심한데 simhande | 심하더니 simhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 심하고 simhago | ||||
| Condition | 심하면 simhamyeon | 심해야, 심하여야 simhaeya, simhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 심함 simham | 심하기 simhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 심했음, 심하였음 simhaesseum, simhayeosseum | 심했기, 심하였기 simhaetgi, simhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 심한 simhan | |||
| Future | 심할 simhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 심하시다 simhasida | 심하셔 simhasyeo | 심하세요, 심하셔요 simhaseyo, simhasyeoyo | 심하십니다 simhasimnida |
| Past | 심하셨다 simhasyeotda | 심하셨어 simhasyeosseo | 심하셨어요 simhasyeosseoyo | 심하셨습니다 simhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 심하시냐 simhasinya | 심하셔 simhasyeo | 심하세요, 심하셔요 simhaseyo, simhasyeoyo | 심하십니까 simhasimnikka |
| Past | 심하셨냐 simhasyeonnya | 심하셨어 simhasyeosseo | 심하셨어요 simhasyeosseoyo | 심하셨습니까 simhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 심하시겠다 simhasigetda | 심하시겠어 simhasigesseo | 심하시겠어요 simhasigesseoyo | 심하시겠습니다 simhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 심하셔 simhasyeo | 심하셔서 simhasyeoseo | 심하시니 simhasini | 심하시니까 simhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 심하시지만 simhasijiman | 심하신데 simhasinde | 심하시더니 simhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 심하시고 simhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 심하시면 simhasimyeon | 심하셔야 simhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 심하심 simhasim | 심하시기 simhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 심하셨음 simhasyeosseum | 심하셨기 simhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 심하신 simhasin | |||
| Future | 심하실 simhasil | ||||