쉰
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| 쉬쉭쉮쉯쉰쉱쉲 쉳쉴쉵쉶쉷쉸쉹 쉺쉻쉼쉽쉾쉿슀 슁슂슃슄슅슆슇 | |
| 쉐 ← | → 슈 |
|---|---|
Jeju
Etymology
Cognate with Korean 쉰 (swin).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ʃwin/
Numeral
쉰 (swin)
- fifty
Synonyms
- 오십 (osip)
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쉰〯 (Yale: swǔyn).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʃʰɥi(ː)n] ~ [ʃʰy(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [쉰(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | swin |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | swin |
| McCune–Reischauer? | shwin |
| Yale Romanization? | swīn |
Numeral
쉰 • (swin)
- (native numeral) fifty
- Synonym: 오십(五十) (osip, “fifty”, Sino-Korean numeral)
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
- 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (Il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Middle Korean
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sǔjn/
Noun
쉰〯 (swǔyn)
- fifty
Descendants
- Korean: 쉰 (swin)
- Jeju: 쉰 (swin)