세
| ||||||||||
| 세섹섺섻센섽섾 섿셀셁셂셃셄셅 셆셇셈셉셊셋셌 셍셎셏셐셑셒셓 | |
| 서 ← | → 셔 |
|---|---|
Jeju
Etymology
Cognate with Korean 새 (sae).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /se/
Noun
세 (se)
- (seamen's) east, east wind
Determiner
세 (se)
- new
Korean
Etymology 1
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 세〯 (Yale: sěy).
Beyond Middle Korean, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "three" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Three.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰe̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [세(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | se |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | se |
| McCune–Reischauer? | se |
| Yale Romanization? | sēy |
| 30 | ||
| ← 2 | 3 | 4 → [a], [b], [c] |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 셋 (set) Native attr.: 세 (se), (dated) 석 (seok), (archaic) 서 (seo) Sino-Korean: 삼 (sam) Hanja: 三 Ordinal: 셋째 (setjjae) | ||
Numeral
세 • (se)
- (native numeral) three (before a noun or classifier)
- 학생 세 명
- haksaeng se myeong
- three students
- 비둘기 세 마리
- bidulgi se mari
- three pigeons
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
- 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (Il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Etymology 2
Related to 혀 (hyeo).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰe̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [세]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | se |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | se |
| McCune–Reischauer? | se |
| Yale Romanization? | sey |
Noun
세 • (se)
- (Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Gyeonggi, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Hamgyong, Yukjin, Hwanghae) Dialectal form of 혀 (hyeo, “tongue”)
- 1982 January 8, 이상설, “오리정승의 국량”, in 한국구비문학대계, 경기도 용인군 내사면 (현 용인시 처인구 양지면):
- 그래니까 오리정승 (이원익) 말씀이 세를 세 번 차더라 이거야.
- Geurae-nikka orijeongseung (I Won-ik) malsseum-i se-reul se beon chadeora igeo-ya.
- So Prime Minister Ori (Yi Won-ik) clicked his tongue three times.
-
Etymology 3
Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable
세 (se)
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