서슴다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Sohak eonhae (小學諺解 / 소학언해), 1586, as Middle Korean 시슴다 (Yale: sisumta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹sʰɯmda̠]
- Phonetic hangeul: [서슴다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | seoseumda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | seoseumda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | sŏsŭmda |
| Yale Romanization? | sesumta |
Verb
서슴다 • (seoseumda) (infinitive 서슴어, sequential 서슴으니)
- to not make a decision; to be hesitant
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 서슴다 (seoseumda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 서슴는다 seoseumneunda | 서슴어 seoseumeo | 서슴어요 seoseumeoyo | 서슴습니다 seoseumseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 서슴었다 seoseumeotda | 서슴었어 seoseumeosseo | 서슴었어요 seoseumeosseoyo | 서슴었습니다 seoseumeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 서슴느냐 seoseumneunya | 서슴어 seoseumeo | 서슴어요 seoseumeoyo | 서슴습니까 seoseumseumnikka |
| Past | 서슴었느냐 seoseumeonneunya | 서슴었어 seoseumeosseo | 서슴었어요 seoseumeosseoyo | 서슴었습니까 seoseumeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 서슴자 seoseumja | 서슴어 seoseumeo | 서슴어요 seoseumeoyo | 서슴읍시다 seoseumeupsida | |
| Imperative | 서슴어라 seoseumeora | 서슴어 seoseumeo | 서슴어요 seoseumeoyo | 서슴읍시오 seoseumeupsio | |
| Assertive | 서슴겠다 seoseumgetda | 서슴겠어 seoseumgesseo | 서슴겠어요 seoseumgesseoyo | 서슴겠습니다 seoseumgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 서슴어 seoseumeo | 서슴어서 seoseumeoseo | 서슴으니 seoseumeuni | 서슴으니까 seoseumeunikka | |
| Contrast | 서슴지만 seoseumjiman | 서슴는데 seoseumneunde | 서슴더니 seoseumdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 서슴고 seoseumgo | ||||
| Condition | 서슴으면 seoseumeumyeon | 서슴어야 seoseumeoya | |||
| Motive | 서슴으려고 seoseumeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 서슴음 seoseumeum | 서슴기 seoseumgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 서슴었음 seoseumeosseum | 서슴었기 seoseumeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 서슴은 seoseumeun | |||
| Present | 서슴는 seoseumneun | ||||
| Future | 서슴을 seoseumeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 서슴으신다 seoseumeusinda | 서슴으셔 seoseumeusyeo | 서슴으세요, 서슴으셔요 seoseumeuseyo, seoseumeusyeoyo | 서슴으십니다 seoseumeusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 서슴으셨다 seoseumeusyeotda | 서슴으셨어 seoseumeusyeosseo | 서슴으셨어요 seoseumeusyeosseoyo | 서슴으셨습니다 seoseumeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 서슴으시느냐 seoseumeusineunya | 서슴으셔 seoseumeusyeo | 서슴으세요, 서슴으셔요 seoseumeuseyo, seoseumeusyeoyo | 서슴으십니까 seoseumeusimnikka |
| Past | 서슴으셨느냐 seoseumeusyeonneunya | 서슴으셨어 seoseumeusyeosseo | 서슴으셨어요 seoseumeusyeosseoyo | 서슴으셨습니까 seoseumeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 서슴으시라 seoseumeusira | 서슴으셔 seoseumeusyeo | 서슴으세요 seoseumeuseyo | 서슴으십시오 seoseumeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 서슴으시겠다 seoseumeusigetda | 서슴으시겠어 seoseumeusigesseo | 서슴으시겠어요 seoseumeusigesseoyo | 서슴으시겠습니다 seoseumeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 서슴으셔 seoseumeusyeo | 서슴으셔서 seoseumeusyeoseo | 서슴으시니 seoseumeusini | 서슴으시니까 seoseumeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 서슴으시지만 seoseumeusijiman | 서슴으시는데 seoseumeusineunde | 서슴으시더니 seoseumeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 서슴으시고 seoseumeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 서슴으시면 seoseumeusimyeon | 서슴으셔야 seoseumeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 서슴으시려고 seoseumeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 서슴으심 seoseumeusim | 서슴으시기 seoseumeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 서슴으셨음 seoseumeusyeosseum | 서슴으셨기 seoseumeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 서슴으신 seoseumeusin | |||
| Present | 서슴으시는 seoseumeusineun | ||||
| Future | 서슴으실 seoseumeusil | ||||