사람
Korean
Alternative forms
- 사ᄅᆞᆷ (saram) – Early Modern
Etymology
First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: sǎlòm).
In Middle Korean, 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: sǎlòm) was a derived substantive of 살〯다〮 (Yale: sǎl-tá, “to live”) with ᄋᆞᆷ (Yale: -om, nominalizer) (> modern 음 (eum)), and thus literally meant "one who is alive".[1] It is no longer perceived as a derived noun by modern speakers.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈsʰa̠(ː)ɾa̠m]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)람]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | saram |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | salam |
McCune–Reischauer? | saram |
Yale Romanization? | sālam |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 사람의 / 사람에 / 사람까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the second syllable, and also heightens the subsequent suffixed syllable.
Noun
사람 • (saram)
- human being, person
- Synonyms: 인간(人間) (in'gan, “human being”), (honorific) 분 (bun), (dated or formal) 이 (i)
- 그러면 내가 어떤 사람이 되는 거겠어?
- geureomyeon nae-ga eotteon saram-i doeneun geo-gess-eo?
- What kind of person would I be then?
- 영국 사람
- Yeongguk saram
- A British person
- 미국 사람
- Miguk saram
- An American person
- (law) a person (encompassing both legal and natural persons)
- Synonym: 인(人) (in)
- Hyponyms: 법인(法人) (beobin, “legal person”), 자연인(自然人) (jayeonin, “natural person”)
Derived terms
- 눈사람 (nunsaram, “snowman, snowperson”)
- 뱃사람 (baetsaram, “sailor”)
- 생(生)사람 (saengsaram, “innocent person, living person”)
- 아랫사람 (araetsaram, “one's junior, subordinate, underling”)
- 윗사람 (witsaram, “one's senior, elder, superior”)
- 집사람 (jipsaram, “(humble) one's wife”)
- 촌(村)사람 (chonsaram, “country person”)
See also
- 人 (in), the hanja for "human"
Counter
사람 • (saram)
- counter for people
- Synonym: 명(名) (myeong)
- 학생 세 사람 ― haksaeng se saram ― three students
References
- Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 176