붉다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 븕다 (beulkda). Probably cognate with 불 (bul, “fire, light”), 밝다 (bakda, “to be bright”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[puk̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[북따]
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Adjective
붉다 • (bukda) (infinitive 붉어, sequential 붉으니)
- (to be) red
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I:
- 아마도, 오랫동안 칠이 되지 않은 붉은 벽돌의 표면은 여기저기 조금 더 박편이 떨어져 나갔을 것이다.
- Amado, oraetdong-an chiri doeji aneun bulgeun byeokdorui pyomyeoneun yeogijeogi jogeum deo bakpyeoni tteoreojyeo nagasseul geosida.
- Perhaps the surface of the red brick, long unpainted, had scaled off a little more here and there.
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I:
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 붉다 (bukda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 붉 (buk) |
| Stem 2 | 붉어 (bulgeo) |
| Stem 3 | 붉으 (bulgeu) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 붉다 bukda | 붉어 bulgeo | 붉어요 bulgeoyo | 붉습니다 bukseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 붉었다 bulgeotda | 붉었어 bulgeosseo | 붉었어요 bulgeosseoyo | 붉었습니다 bulgeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 붉으냐 bulgeunya | 붉어 bulgeo | 붉어요 bulgeoyo | 붉습니까 bukseumnikka |
| Past | 붉었냐 bulgeonnya | 붉었어 bulgeosseo | 붉었어요 bulgeosseoyo | 붉었습니까 bulgeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 붉겠다 bulgetda | 붉겠어 bulgesseo | 붉겠어요 bulgesseoyo | 붉겠습니다 bulgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 붉어 bulgeo | 붉어서 bulgeoseo | 붉으니 bulgeuni | 붉으니까 bulgeunikka | |
| Contrast | 붉지만 bukjiman | 붉은데 bulgeunde | 붉더니 bukdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 붉고 bulgo | ||||
| Condition | 붉으면 bulgeumyeon | 붉어야 bulgeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 붉음 bulgeum | 붉기 bulgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 붉었음 bulgeosseum | 붉었기 bulgeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 붉은 bulgeun | |||
| Future | 붉을 bulgeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 붉으시다 bulgeusida | 붉으셔 bulgeusyeo | 붉으세요, 붉으셔요 bulgeuseyo, bulgeusyeoyo | 붉으십니다 bulgeusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 붉으셨다 bulgeusyeotda | 붉으셨어 bulgeusyeosseo | 붉으셨어요 bulgeusyeosseoyo | 붉으셨습니다 bulgeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 붉으시냐 bulgeusinya | 붉으셔 bulgeusyeo | 붉으세요, 붉으셔요 bulgeuseyo, bulgeusyeoyo | 붉으십니까 bulgeusimnikka |
| Past | 붉으셨냐 bulgeusyeonnya | 붉으셨어 bulgeusyeosseo | 붉으셨어요 bulgeusyeosseoyo | 붉으셨습니까 bulgeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 붉으시겠다 bulgeusigetda | 붉으시겠어 bulgeusigesseo | 붉으시겠어요 bulgeusigesseoyo | 붉으시겠습니다 bulgeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 붉으셔 bulgeusyeo | 붉으셔서 bulgeusyeoseo | 붉으시니 bulgeusini | 붉으시니까 bulgeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 붉으시지만 bulgeusijiman | 붉으신데 bulgeusinde | 붉으시더니 bulgeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 붉으시고 bulgeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 붉으시면 bulgeusimyeon | 붉으셔야 bulgeusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 붉으심 bulgeusim | 붉으시기 bulgeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 붉으셨음 bulgeusyeosseum | 붉으셨기 bulgeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 붉으신 bulgeusin | |||
| Future | 붉으실 bulgeusil | ||||
Synonyms
- 빨갛다 (ppalgata)
- 벌겋다 (beolgeota)
Derived terms
- 검붉다 (geombukda, “to be dark red”)
- 붉히다 (bulkida, “to blush”)
Related terms
- 밝다 (bakda, “to be bright, light, illuminating”)
See also
- 불 (bul, “fire, light”)