bitumen

bitumen

See also: Bitumen

English

Etymology

From Latin bitūmen.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/, /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/, /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/
• (US) IPA^(key): /bɪˈtumən/, /bɪˈtjumən/, /baɪˈtumən/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

Noun

bitumen (countable and uncountable, plural bitumina or bitumens)

1. A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.

   Synonym: Jew's pitch

   • 2014 August 24, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: gravel paths and cutting heating bills [print version: Cold comfort in technology, 23 August 2014, p. P5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property)‎:

     You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted "hoggin" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.

2. (by extension) Any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petrolea, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
3. (Australia, colloquial) Roads sealed with bitumen, as opposed to dirt roads.
4. (Canada) Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil.[1]

Synonyms

• (mineral pitch): Jew’s lime, Jew’s pitch, Jew’s slime, slime (all obsolete)

Derived terms

• bituminous
• bitumoid
• crude bitumen
• modified bitumen
• pyrobitumen
• refined bitumen

 

Translations

Mineral pitch

Albanian: bitum (sq) Bengali: শিলাজতু (śilajôtu) Bulgarian: битум m (bitum) Catalan: betum m Chinese: Mandarin: 瀝青／沥青 (zh) (lìqīng) Dutch: aardpek (nl) m or n, bitumen (nl) n Finnish: bitumi (fi) French: bitume (fr) m German: Bitumen (de) n Greek: Ancient: ἄσφαλτος f (ásphaltos) Hebrew: חמר‎ (he) (kheimahr) Italian: bitume (it), asfalto (it) m Japanese: 歴青 (れきせい, rekisei), 瀝青 (れきせい, rekisei) Latin: bitūmen n Polish: bitum m, bitumin m, bitumen (pl) m Portuguese: betume (pt) Romanian: bitum (ro) Russian: би́тум (ru) m (bítum) Scottish Gaelic: bìth f, teàrr f Spanish: betún (es), bitumen (es) m Swedish: bitumen (sv) n Thai: ยางมะตอย (th) (yaang-má-dtɔi) Turkish: bitüm (tr)

Verb

bitumen (third-person singular simple present bitumens, present participle bitumening, simple past and past participle bitumened)

1. To cover or fill with bitumen.

   Synonym: bituminize

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

   • 1926, Rudyard Kipling, “The Prophet and the Country”, in Debits and Credits, OCLC 1061914999, page 155:

     another star reflected itself in the glassy black of the bitumened road

   • 1937, Lady Ethel Stefana Drower, Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran, Brill Archive, LCCN 38010681, page 122:

     The Litlata community have now built a mandi set in a pleasant garden, and to ensure the cleanliness of their yardna have bricked and bitumened the pool into which the water flows

   • 1984, Dennis Hancock, Wheels of Progress: History of the Road Transport Industry in Western Australia, 1829-1983‎, Access Press, →ISBN, page 145:

     Work is already under way to complete the bitumening of Western Australia's last unsurfaced stretch of Highway One, between Fitzroy Crossing and Hall's Creek.

   • 2013, Janice Cooper, Crossing the Divide: A History of Alpha and Jericho Districts, Boolarong Press, →ISBN, page 176:

     The development of water reticulation occurred in parallel with street work — forming, kerbing, channelling and bitumening.

See also

• asphalt

References

1. “Archived copy”, in (please provide the title of the work)‎, accessed 20 October 2007, archived from the original on 2007-10-20

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch bitume, from Latin bitūmen, which later influenced the spelling.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌbiˈty.mə(n)/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bi‧tu‧men

Noun

bitumen n (plural bitumina)

1. bitumen, mineral pitch

   Synonyms: aardhars, aardpek, bergteer, jodenlijm

Related terms

• beton

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch bitumen, from Middle Dutch bitume, from Latin bitūmen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [biˈtumɛn]
• Hyphenation: bi‧tu‧mèn
• Rhymes: -men, -en, -n

Noun

bitumèn (first-person possessive bitumenku, second-person possessive bitumenmu, third-person possessive bitumennya)

1. bitumen

Alternative forms

• bitumén (Standard Malay)

Further reading

• “bitumen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Latin

Etymology

From *bitu +‎ -men, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“resin, gum”), borrowed through an Osco-Umbrian language, where traditionally assumed to be a Celtic one (compare Latin betulla), where the shift of *gʷ to b is regular.[1] The raising of the first vowel might come from the Osco-Umbrian variety, or have been developed in Latin, as occasionaly happens after labials; compare firmus, vitulus.[2] Cognate with Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”), English cud, Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /biˈtuː.men/, [bɪˈt̪uːmɛn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /biˈtu.men/, [biˈt̪uːmen]

Noun

bitūmen n (genitive bitūminis); third declension

1. mineral pitch, bitumen

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bitūmen	bitūmina
Genitive	bitūminis	bitūminum
Dative	bitūminī	bitūminibus
Accusative	bitūmen	bitūmina
Ablative	bitūmine	bitūminibus
Vocative	bitūmen	bitūmina

Related terms

• bitūmineus
• bitūminō
• bitūminōsus

Descendants

• Catalan: betum
• French: béton
  • → German: Beton
  • → Portuguese: betão
• Italian: bitume
• Portuguese: betume
• Spanish: betún
• → English: bitumen
• → German: Bitumen
• → Hebrew: בִּיטוּמֵן‎
• → Russian: би́тум m (bítum)

References

• “bitumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “bitumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• bitumen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “bitumen”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*betu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 64–65
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “bitūmen, -minis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 72–73

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Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bitūmen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈtu.mɛn/
• Rhymes: -umɛn
• Syllabification: bi‧tu‧men

Noun

bitumen m inan

1. bitumen, blacktop

   Synonyms: bitum, bitumin

Declension

Declension of bitumen

	singular	plural
nominative	bitumen	bitumeny
genitive	bitumenu	bitumenów
dative	bitumenowi	bitumenom
accusative	bitumen	bitumeny
instrumental	bitumenem	bitumenami
locative	bitumenie	bitumenach
vocative	bitumenie	bitumeny

Related terms

adjectives

• bitumiczny
• bitumowy

 

nouns

• bitum
• bitumiczność
• bitumin
• bitumizacja

 

verb

• bitumować impf

 

Further reading

• bitumen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bitumen in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Romanian

Etymology

From German Bitumen, from Latin bitumen.

Noun

bitumen n (uncountable)

1. bitumen

Declension

declension of bitumen (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) bitumen	bitumenul
genitive/dative	(unui) bitumen	bitumenului
vocative	bitumenule