복잡하다
Korean
Etymology
From 복잡 (複雜, bokjap, “complication”) and the native Korean adjective 하다 (hada, “to be a certain way”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[po̞k̚t͡ɕ͈a̠pʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[복짜파다]
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Adjective
복잡하다 • (bokjaphada) (infinitive 복잡해 or 복잡하여, sequential 복잡하니)
- complicated
- 2018, Experts: Polio Could Again Spread Worldwide
- 베르트푀이는 이렇게 말했다. "마지막 남은 여정은 복잡한 여정입니다."
- Bereuteupoeineun ireoke malhaetda. Majimak nameun yeojeong-eun bokjaphan yeojeong-imnida."
- Vertefeuille said, “The last mile is a complicated mile.”
- 2018, Experts: Polio Could Again Spread Worldwide
- crowded, busy, congested
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 복잡하다 (bokjaphada)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 복잡하 (bokjapha) |
| Stem 2 | 복잡해 (bokjaphae) |
| Stem 2a | 복잡하여 (bokjaphayeo) |
| Stem 3 | 복잡하 (bokjapha) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 복잡하다 bokjaphada | 복잡해 bokjaphae | 복잡해요 bokjaphaeyo | 복잡합니다 bokjaphamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 복잡했다 bokjaphaetda | 복잡했어 bokjaphaesseo | 복잡했어요 bokjaphaesseoyo | 복잡했습니다 bokjaphaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 복잡하냐 bokjaphanya | 복잡해 bokjaphae | 복잡해요 bokjaphaeyo | 복잡합니까 bokjaphamnikka |
| Past | 복잡했냐 bokjaphaennya | 복잡했어 bokjaphaesseo | 복잡했어요 bokjaphaesseoyo | 복잡했습니까 bokjaphaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 복잡하겠다 bokjaphagetda | 복잡하겠어 bokjaphagesseo | 복잡하겠어요 bokjaphagesseoyo | 복잡하겠습니다 bokjaphagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 복잡해 bokjaphae | 복잡해서, 복잡하여서 bokjaphaeseo, bokjaphayeoseo | 복잡하니 bokjaphani | 복잡하니까 bokjaphanikka | |
| Contrast | 복잡하지만 bokjaphajiman | 복잡한데 bokjaphande | 복잡하더니 bokjaphadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 복잡하고 bokjaphago | ||||
| Condition | 복잡하면 bokjaphamyeon | 복잡해야, 복잡하여야 bokjaphaeya, bokjaphayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 복잡함 bokjapham | 복잡하기 bokjaphagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 복잡했음, 복잡하였음 bokjaphaesseum, bokjaphayeosseum | 복잡했기, 복잡하였기 bokjaphaetgi, bokjaphayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 복잡한 bokjaphan | |||
| Future | 복잡할 bokjaphal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 복잡하시다 bokjaphasida | 복잡하셔 bokjaphasyeo | 복잡하세요, 복잡하셔요 bokjaphaseyo, bokjaphasyeoyo | 복잡하십니다 bokjaphasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 복잡하셨다 bokjaphasyeotda | 복잡하셨어 bokjaphasyeosseo | 복잡하셨어요 bokjaphasyeosseoyo | 복잡하셨습니다 bokjaphasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 복잡하시냐 bokjaphasinya | 복잡하셔 bokjaphasyeo | 복잡하세요, 복잡하셔요 bokjaphaseyo, bokjaphasyeoyo | 복잡하십니까 bokjaphasimnikka |
| Past | 복잡하셨냐 bokjaphasyeonnya | 복잡하셨어 bokjaphasyeosseo | 복잡하셨어요 bokjaphasyeosseoyo | 복잡하셨습니까 bokjaphasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 복잡하시겠다 bokjaphasigetda | 복잡하시겠어 bokjaphasigesseo | 복잡하시겠어요 bokjaphasigesseoyo | 복잡하시겠습니다 bokjaphasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 복잡하셔 bokjaphasyeo | 복잡하셔서 bokjaphasyeoseo | 복잡하시니 bokjaphasini | 복잡하시니까 bokjaphasinikka | |
| Contrast | 복잡하시지만 bokjaphasijiman | 복잡하신데 bokjaphasinde | 복잡하시더니 bokjaphasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 복잡하시고 bokjaphasigo | ||||
| Condition | 복잡하시면 bokjaphasimyeon | 복잡하셔야 bokjaphasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 복잡하심 bokjaphasim | 복잡하시기 bokjaphasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 복잡하셨음 bokjaphasyeosseum | 복잡하셨기 bokjaphasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 복잡하신 bokjaphasin | |||
| Future | 복잡하실 bokjaphasil | ||||
Antonyms
- 단순하다 (dansunhada, “to be simple”)