범하다
Korean
Etymology
범(犯) (beom) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈpɘ(ː)mɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | beomhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | beomhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | pŏmhada |
| Yale Romanization? | pēmhata |
Verb
범하다 • (beomhada) (infinitive 범해 or 범하여, sequential 범하니) (transitive)
- to commit (a wrong)
- 외교적 결례를 범하다 ― oegyojeok gyeollye-reul beomhada ― to commit a diplomatic faux pas
- to violate (a rule, a taboo, etc.)
- Synonym: 어기다 (eogida)
- to ravish, to violate (a woman)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 범하다 (beomhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 범한다 beomhanda | 범해 beomhae | 범해요 beomhaeyo | 범합니다 beomhamnida |
| Past | 범했다 beomhaetda | 범했어 beomhaesseo | 범했어요 beomhaesseoyo | 범했습니다 beomhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 범하느냐 beomhaneunya | 범해 beomhae | 범해요 beomhaeyo | 범합니까 beomhamnikka |
| Past | 범했느냐 beomhaenneunya | 범했어 beomhaesseo | 범했어요 beomhaesseoyo | 범했습니까 beomhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 범하자 beomhaja | 범해 beomhae | 범해요 beomhaeyo | 범합시다 beomhapsida | |
| Imperative | 범해라, 범하여라 beomhaera, beomhayeora | 범해 beomhae | 범해요 beomhaeyo | 범합시오 beomhapsio | |
| Assertive | 범하겠다 beomhagetda | 범하겠어 beomhagesseo | 범하겠어요 beomhagesseoyo | 범하겠습니다 beomhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 범해 beomhae | 범해서, 범하여서 beomhaeseo, beomhayeoseo | 범하니 beomhani | 범하니까 beomhanikka | |
| Contrast | 범하지만 beomhajiman | 범하는데 beomhaneunde | 범하더니 beomhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 범하고 beomhago | ||||
| Condition | 범하면 beomhamyeon | 범해야, 범하여야 beomhaeya, beomhayeoya | |||
| Motive | 범하려고 beomharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 범함 beomham | 범하기 beomhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 범했음, 범하였음 beomhaesseum, beomhayeosseum | 범했기, 범하였기 beomhaetgi, beomhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 범한 beomhan | |||
| Present | 범하는 beomhaneun | ||||
| Future | 범할 beomhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 범하신다 beomhasinda | 범하셔 beomhasyeo | 범하세요, 범하셔요 beomhaseyo, beomhasyeoyo | 범하십니다 beomhasimnida |
| Past | 범하셨다 beomhasyeotda | 범하셨어 beomhasyeosseo | 범하셨어요 beomhasyeosseoyo | 범하셨습니다 beomhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 범하시느냐 beomhasineunya | 범하셔 beomhasyeo | 범하세요, 범하셔요 beomhaseyo, beomhasyeoyo | 범하십니까 beomhasimnikka |
| Past | 범하셨느냐 beomhasyeonneunya | 범하셨어 beomhasyeosseo | 범하셨어요 beomhasyeosseoyo | 범하셨습니까 beomhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 범하시라 beomhasira | 범하셔 beomhasyeo | 범하세요 beomhaseyo | 범하십시오 beomhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 범하시겠다 beomhasigetda | 범하시겠어 beomhasigesseo | 범하시겠어요 beomhasigesseoyo | 범하시겠습니다 beomhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 범하셔 beomhasyeo | 범하셔서 beomhasyeoseo | 범하시니 beomhasini | 범하시니까 beomhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 범하시지만 beomhasijiman | 범하시는데 beomhasineunde | 범하시더니 beomhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 범하시고 beomhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 범하시면 beomhasimyeon | 범하셔야 beomhasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 범하시려고 beomhasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 범하심 beomhasim | 범하시기 beomhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 범하셨음 beomhasyeosseum | 범하셨기 beomhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 범하신 beomhasin | |||
| Present | 범하시는 beomhasineun | ||||
| Future | 범하실 beomhasil | ||||