밟다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆲ〯다〮 (Yale: pǒlp-tá). Derived from 발 (bal, “foot”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈpa̠(ː)p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [밥(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | bapda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | balbda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | papta |
| Yale Romanization? | pālpta |
Verb
| Base | 밟다 (bapda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 밟히다 (balpida) |
| Passive | 밟히다 (balpida) |
밟다 • (bapda) (infinitive 밟아, sequential 밟으니)
- (literally, figuratively) to step (on), to tread, to trample
- 밤길을 걷다가 쇠똥이라도 밟으면 그 물컹한 느낌이 싫었다.
- bamgir-eul geotda-ga soettong'irado balbeumyeon geu mulkeonghan neukkim-i sireotda.
- While I was walking at night, the squashy feeling of stepping on even cow dung would make me nauseous.
- to go through (a process, a procedure, etc.)
- 그는 현재 대학교에서 법학 과정을 밟고 있다.
- geu-neun hyeonjae daehakgyo-eseo beophak gwajeong-eul bapgo itda.
- He is currently working on his law degree at a university.
- 공항에서 입국 수속을 밟았다. ― gonghang-eseo ipguk susog-eul balbatda. ― [They] went through immigration at the airport.
- to follow, to trail, to shadow (a person)
- 경찰이 용의자의 뒤를 밟았다. ― gyeongchar-i yong'uija-ui dwi-reul balbatda. ― The police followed the suspect.
- Synonym: 미행(尾行)하다 (mihaenghada)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 밟다 (bapda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 밟는다 bamneunda | 밟아 balba | 밟아요 balbayo | 밟습니다 bapseumnida |
| Past | 밟았다 balbatda | 밟았어 balbasseo | 밟았어요 balbasseoyo | 밟았습니다 balbatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 밟느냐 bamneunya | 밟아 balba | 밟아요 balbayo | 밟습니까 bapseumnikka |
| Past | 밟았느냐 balbanneunya | 밟았어 balbasseo | 밟았어요 balbasseoyo | 밟았습니까 balbatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 밟자 bapja | 밟아 balba | 밟아요 balbayo | 밟읍시다 balbeupsida | |
| Imperative | 밟아라 balbara | 밟아 balba | 밟아요 balbayo | 밟읍시오 balbeupsio | |
| Assertive | 밟겠다 bapgetda | 밟겠어 bapgesseo | 밟겠어요 bapgesseoyo | 밟겠습니다 bapgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 밟아 balba | 밟아서 balbaseo | 밟으니 balbeuni | 밟으니까 balbeunikka | |
| Contrast | 밟지만 bapjiman | 밟는데 bamneunde | 밟더니 bapdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 밟고 bapgo | ||||
| Condition | 밟으면 balbeumyeon | 밟아야 balbaya | |||
| Motive | 밟으려고 balbeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 밟음 balbeum | 밟기 bapgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 밟았음 balbasseum | 밟았기 balbatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 밟은 balbeun | |||
| Present | 밟는 bamneun | ||||
| Future | 밟을 balbeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 밟으신다 balbeusinda | 밟으셔 balbeusyeo | 밟으세요, 밟으셔요 balbeuseyo, balbeusyeoyo | 밟으십니다 balbeusimnida |
| Past | 밟으셨다 balbeusyeotda | 밟으셨어 balbeusyeosseo | 밟으셨어요 balbeusyeosseoyo | 밟으셨습니다 balbeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 밟으시느냐 balbeusineunya | 밟으셔 balbeusyeo | 밟으세요, 밟으셔요 balbeuseyo, balbeusyeoyo | 밟으십니까 balbeusimnikka |
| Past | 밟으셨느냐 balbeusyeonneunya | 밟으셨어 balbeusyeosseo | 밟으셨어요 balbeusyeosseoyo | 밟으셨습니까 balbeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 밟으시라 balbeusira | 밟으셔 balbeusyeo | 밟으세요 balbeuseyo | 밟으십시오 balbeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 밟으시겠다 balbeusigetda | 밟으시겠어 balbeusigesseo | 밟으시겠어요 balbeusigesseoyo | 밟으시겠습니다 balbeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 밟으셔 balbeusyeo | 밟으셔서 balbeusyeoseo | 밟으시니 balbeusini | 밟으시니까 balbeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 밟으시지만 balbeusijiman | 밟으시는데 balbeusineunde | 밟으시더니 balbeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 밟으시고 balbeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 밟으시면 balbeusimyeon | 밟으셔야 balbeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 밟으시려고 balbeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 밟으심 balbeusim | 밟으시기 balbeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 밟으셨음 balbeusyeosseum | 밟으셨기 balbeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 밟으신 balbeusin | |||
| Present | 밟으시는 balbeusineun | ||||
| Future | 밟으실 balbeusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 내리밟다 (naeribapda)
- 내밟다 (naebapda)
- 되밟다 (doebapda)
- 뒤밟다 (dwibapda)
- 지르밟다 (jireubapda)
- 짓밟다 (jitbapda)