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单词 바닥
释义

바닥

Korean

Pronunciation

  • (Busan) IPA(key): [pɐdɐk̚]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠da̠k̚]
  • Phonetic hangul: []
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?badak
Revised Romanization (translit.)?badag
McCune–Reischauer?padak
Yale Romanization?patak
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 닥의 / 닥에 / 닥까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (Yale: pàtáng). In the Early Modern era, the form was supplanted by modern 바닥 (badak), which may originally have been dialectal; Korean dialects often variably have coda /k~ŋ~j~h/, probably from ancestral */-k/.

바다 (bada, sea, ocean) may originally have been a semantic extension of this word.[1] Beyond Koreanic, probably related to Manchu ᡶ‍ᠠᡨᠠᠨ (f‍atan, sole of the foot),[2] which is quite possibly a Korean borrowing into Jurchen or Manchu given the apparent lack of clear Tungusic cognates.

Noun

바닥 (badak)

  1. floor; bottom; a flat and usually low surface of a space or object
    신발 바닥sinbal badakbottom of the shoes, sole of the shoes
    바닥hyeotbadaksurface of the tongue
    책이 바닥에 떨어지다chaeg-i badag-e tteoreojidafor the book to fall to the floor
    • 1704 (publ. 1721), 洪啓英/홍계영, “喜雪 / 희설”, in 觀水齋遺稿 / 관수재유고:
      바닥 업슨 신을 신고 ()()(ᄇᆡ)()ᄒᆞ니 []
      badak eopseun sin-eul sin'go syeolli-ui baehoehani []
      as I wander about in the midst of the snow, wearing shoes that have no soles
    • c. 1790, 樂學拾零 (Akhak Seumnyeong) [Tidbits of the Musical Sciences]:
      싀어마님 며ᄂᆞ리 낫바 벽바닥을 구로지 마오
      suieomanim myeoneuri natba byeokbadag-eul guroji mao
      Mother-in-law, do not stamp your feet against the bottom of the wall out of how terrible your daughter-in-law is.
    • 1942 (publ. 1948), Yun Dong-ju, “참회록”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 시 [Sky, Wind, and Stars]:
      밤이면 밤마다 나의 거울을 손바닥으로 발바닥으로 닦아 보자.
      Bam-imyeon bammada na-ui geour-eul sonbadag-euro balbadag-euro dakka boja.
      When it is night, at every night, let me polish my mirror with my palms and my soles.
    • 2021, “버스서 5만원 든 지갑주운 20대... CCTV 덕에 무죄 [Man in 20s picks up wallet with 50k\\ bills in bus, found innocent thanks to security camera]”, in The Chosun Ilbo:
      지갑이 바닥에 떨어졌고, 지갑을 주우려고 하다 의자 밑으로 들어가는 바람에 그냥 버스에서 내렸다고 진술했다.
      Jigab-i badag-e tteoreojeotgo, jigab-eul juuryeogo hada uija mit-euro deureoganeun baram-e geunyang beoseu-eseo naeryeotdago jinsulhaetda.
      He testified that the wallet had fallen to the floor, and that it went under the chair when he tried to pick it up, so he just left the bus.
  2. (figuratively) rock bottom
  3. (colloquial) area, region
    서울 바닥Seoul badakSeoul; the area of Seoul
  4. (uncommon) the weave of fabric
Derived terms

(idioms)

  • 바닥을 긁다 (badageul geukda, to be stuck in poverty or difficulty, literally to scratch the bottom)
  • 바닥을 기다 (badageul gida, to be terrible (of scores, grades, etc.), literally to crawl the bottom)
  • 바닥이 드러나다 (badagi deureonada, to be depleted, literally for the bottom to be revealed)
  • 바닥을 보다 (badageul boda, to put at end to things, literally to see the bottom)
  • 바닥을 짚다 (badageul jipda, to mine a specific place for ore, literally to examine the bottom)
  • 바닥을 치다 (badageul chida, to hit rock bottom, literally to strike the bottom)
  • 바닥을 비우다 (badageul biuda, to deplete, literally to empty the bottom)

(compounds)

  • 길바닥 (gilbadak, bottom of the road)
  • 뒷바닥 (dwitbadak, back of the sole)
  • 땅바닥 (ttangbadak, ground)
  • 맨바닥 (maenbadak, bare floor)
  • 모랫바닥 (moraetbadak, sand field)
  • 밑바닥 (mitbadak, bottom)
  • 바닥나다 (badangnada, to become depleted, literally for the bottom to appear)
  • 발바닥 (balbadak, sole)
  • 방바닥 (bangbadak, floor)
  • 손바닥 (sonbadak, palm)
  • 아랫바닥 (araetbadak, bottom)
  • 장바닥 (jangbadak, marketplace) (colloquial)
  • 혓바닥 (hyeotbadak, surface of the tongue)

Counter

바닥 (badak)

  1. (southeastern Gyeongsang) page of paper
    책 한 바닥chaek han badaka page of a book
    Synonyms: (jjok), 페이지 (peiji)

Etymology 2

See the main entry at 바다 (bada). Probably the most conservative form of this word.

Noun

바닥 (badak)

  1. (southern Gyeongsang, southern Jeolla dialect) Dialectal form of 바다 (bada, sea; ocean).
Synonyms
Historical and regional synonyms of 바다 (bada, sea)
view map; edit data
GroupRegionLocationWords
Standardised formsSouth Korean Standard Language바다 (bada)
North Korean Cultured Language바다 (bada)
Historical formsOld Korean海等 (*PAtol)
Middle Korean바닿〮 (pàtáh), 바ᄅᆞᆯ〮 (pàlól)
Early Modern Seoul Korean바다 (bada), 바닿 (bada)
Central KoreanGyeonggiModern colloquial Seoul바다 (bada)
Kaesong바다 (bada)
Changpung바다 (bada)
Yeoncheon바다 (bada)
Yongin바대 (badae)
YeongseoKosan바다 (bada)
YeongdongGangneung바다 (bàdà)
Wonsan바다 (bada)
Kumya바다 (bada)
Munchon바다 (bada)
Anbyeon바다 (bada)
Yangyang바다 (bada)
Samcheok바다 (bádà)
North ChungcheongCheongju바다 (bada)
Chungju바다 (bada)
Danyang바다 (bada)
Boeun바다 (bada)
Yeongdong바다 (bada)
South ChungcheongCheonan바다 (bada)
Hongseong바다 (bada)
Gongju바다 (bada)
Seocheon바다 (bada)
Nonsan바다 (bada), 바대 (badae)
South HwanghaeHaeju바다 (bada)
Ongjin바다 (bada)
Yonan바다 (bada)
Taetan바다 (bada)
Chaeryong바다 (bada)
Changyon바다 (bada)
Unnyul바다 (bada)
North HwanghaeHwangju바다 (bada)
Sohung바다 (bada)
Kumchon바다 (bada)
Singye바다 (bada)
Suan바다 (bada)
Yonsan바다 (bada)
Southeastern Korean
(Gyeongsang)
North GyeongsangDaegu바다 (bádà)
Uljin바다 (bádà), 바닥 (bádàk)
Yecheon바다 (bádà)
Andong바다 (bádà)
Uiseong바다 (bádà)
Cheongsong바다 (bádà)
Yeongdeok바다 (bádà), 바닥 (bádàk)
Gimcheon바다 (bádà)
Pohang바다 (bádà)
Yeongcheon바다 (bádà)
Goryeong바다 (bádà)
South GyeongsangBusan바다 (bádà), 바당 (bádàng)
Ulsan바다 (bádà)
Changwon바다 (bádà), 바당 (bádàng)
Geochang바다 (bádà), 바닥 (bádàk)
Hapcheon바다 (bádà)
Changnyeong바대 (bádè), 바당 (bádàng)
Hamyang바다 (bádà)
Hadong바닥 (bádàk)
Jinju바다 (bádà), 바당 (bádàng), 바닥 (bádàk)
Haman바닥 (bádàk)
Gimhae바다 (bádà)
Yangsan바다 (bádà)
Sacheon바닥 (bádàk)
Goseong바닥 (bádàk)
Namhae바다 (bádà), 바닥 (bádàk)
Tongyeong바다 (bádà), 바당 (bádàng), 바닥 (bádàk)
Geoje바당 (bádàng), 바닥 (bádàk)
Southwestern Korean
(Jeolla)
North JeollaJeonju바대 (badae)
Jinan바대 (badae)
Muju바대 (badae)
Gimje바대 (badae)
Jeongeup바대 (badae)
Imsil바대 (badae)
Jangsu바대 (badae)
Sunchang바대 (badae)
Namwon바대 (badae)
South JeollaGwangju바다 (bada)
Yeonggwang바대 (bade)
Jangseong바대 (bade)
Damyang바대 (bade)
Gokseong바대 (bade)
Gurye바대 (badae)
Hampyeong바대 (bade)
Sinan바닥 (badak)
Mokpo바닥 (badak)
Naju바대 (bade), 바다 (bada)
Suncheon바다 (bada)
Gwangyang바대 (badae)
Yeongam바대 (bade)
Jindo바닥 (badak)
Haenam바대 (bade), 바닥 (badak)
Gangjin바대 (bade)
Wando바닥 (badak), 바탕 (batang) (less common)
Jangheung바대 (bade)
Boseong바대 (badae)
Goheung바닥 (badak)
Yeosu바닥 (badak), 바당 (badang)
Northwestern Korean
(Pyongan)
South PyonganPyongyang바다 (bada)
North PyonganPakchon바다 (bada)
Nyongbyon바다 (bada)
Kusong바다 (bada)
Huichon바다 (bada)
Kanggye바다 (bada)
Chasong바다 (bada)
Northeastern Korean
(Hamgyong)
South HamgyongHamhung바다 (bàdá)
Chongpyong바다 (bàdá)
Yonggwang바다 (bàdá)
Sinhung바다 (bàdá)
Hongwon바다 (bàdá)
Pukchong바다 (bàdá)
Tanchon바당 (bàdáng)
North HamgyongChongjin바다 (bàdá)
Kimchaek바다 (bàdá)
Kilju바당 (bàdáng)
Myongchon바다 (bàdá)
Kyongsong바다 (bàdá)
Puryong바다 (bàdá)
Musan바당 (bàdáng)
Hyesan바다 (bàdá)
Kapsan바다 (bàdá)
Pungso바다 (bàdá)
Kimhyongjik바다 (bàdá)
Yukjin KoreanYukjinKyonghung바다 (bàdá)
Hoeryong바당 (bàdáng)
Onsong바다 (bàdá)
Kyongwon바당 (bàdáng)
DiasporaHunchun바다 (bàdá)
JejuJeju City바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang)
Daejeong바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang), 바릇 (bareut)
Gujwa바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang)
Seogwipo바당 (badang), 와당 (wadang), 바릇 (bareut)
Note: Jeolla and Gyeongsang speakers may prefer to use words for 'beach' or 'seashore' in contexts where Seoul speakers would use 바다.
This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas.

References

  1. 김영일 (2008), 한국어 어휘 비교의 재인식 [A new approach to Korean lexical comparisons]”, in Hangeul, volume 279, pages 153−176
  2. Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 24
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