목격하다
Korean
Etymology
목격(目擊) (mokgyeok) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mo̞k̚k͈jʌ̹kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [목껴카다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | mokgyeokhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | moggyeoghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | mokkyŏkhada |
| Yale Romanization? | mok.kyek.hata |
Verb
목격하다 • (mokgyeokhada) (infinitive 목격해 or 목격하여, sequential 목격하니)
- to witness
- 이 분은 범죄 현장을 목격했습니다. (honorific) ― I bun-eun beomjoe hyeonjang-'eul mokgyeokhaetseumnida. ― This person witnessed a crime scene.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 목격하다 (mokgyeokhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 목격한다 mokgyeokhanda | 목격해 mokgyeokhae | 목격해요 mokgyeokhaeyo | 목격합니다 mokgyeokhamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 목격했다 mokgyeokhaetda | 목격했어 mokgyeokhaesseo | 목격했어요 mokgyeokhaesseoyo | 목격했습니다 mokgyeokhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 목격하느냐 mokgyeokhaneunya | 목격해 mokgyeokhae | 목격해요 mokgyeokhaeyo | 목격합니까 mokgyeokhamnikka |
| Past | 목격했느냐 mokgyeokhaenneunya | 목격했어 mokgyeokhaesseo | 목격했어요 mokgyeokhaesseoyo | 목격했습니까 mokgyeokhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 목격하자 mokgyeokhaja | 목격해 mokgyeokhae | 목격해요 mokgyeokhaeyo | 목격합시다 mokgyeokhapsida | |
| Imperative | 목격해라, 목격하여라 mokgyeokhaera, mokgyeokhayeora | 목격해 mokgyeokhae | 목격해요 mokgyeokhaeyo | 목격합시오 mokgyeokhapsio | |
| Assertive | 목격하겠다 mokgyeokhagetda | 목격하겠어 mokgyeokhagesseo | 목격하겠어요 mokgyeokhagesseoyo | 목격하겠습니다 mokgyeokhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 목격해 mokgyeokhae | 목격해서, 목격하여서 mokgyeokhaeseo, mokgyeokhayeoseo | 목격하니 mokgyeokhani | 목격하니까 mokgyeokhanikka | |
| Contrast | 목격하지만 mokgyeokhajiman | 목격하는데 mokgyeokhaneunde | 목격하더니 mokgyeokhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 목격하고 mokgyeokhago | ||||
| Condition | 목격하면 mokgyeokhamyeon | 목격해야, 목격하여야 mokgyeokhaeya, mokgyeokhayeoya | |||
| Motive | 목격하려고 mokgyeokharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 목격함 mokgyeokham | 목격하기 mokgyeokhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 목격했음, 목격하였음 mokgyeokhaesseum, mokgyeokhayeosseum | 목격했기, 목격하였기 mokgyeokhaetgi, mokgyeokhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 목격한 mokgyeokhan | |||
| Present | 목격하는 mokgyeokhaneun | ||||
| Future | 목격할 mokgyeokhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 목격하신다 mokgyeokhasinda | 목격하셔 mokgyeokhasyeo | 목격하세요, 목격하셔요 mokgyeokhaseyo, mokgyeokhasyeoyo | 목격하십니다 mokgyeokhasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 목격하셨다 mokgyeokhasyeotda | 목격하셨어 mokgyeokhasyeosseo | 목격하셨어요 mokgyeokhasyeosseoyo | 목격하셨습니다 mokgyeokhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 목격하시느냐 mokgyeokhasineunya | 목격하셔 mokgyeokhasyeo | 목격하세요, 목격하셔요 mokgyeokhaseyo, mokgyeokhasyeoyo | 목격하십니까 mokgyeokhasimnikka |
| Past | 목격하셨느냐 mokgyeokhasyeonneunya | 목격하셨어 mokgyeokhasyeosseo | 목격하셨어요 mokgyeokhasyeosseoyo | 목격하셨습니까 mokgyeokhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 목격하시라 mokgyeokhasira | 목격하셔 mokgyeokhasyeo | 목격하세요 mokgyeokhaseyo | 목격하십시오 mokgyeokhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 목격하시겠다 mokgyeokhasigetda | 목격하시겠어 mokgyeokhasigesseo | 목격하시겠어요 mokgyeokhasigesseoyo | 목격하시겠습니다 mokgyeokhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 목격하셔 mokgyeokhasyeo | 목격하셔서 mokgyeokhasyeoseo | 목격하시니 mokgyeokhasini | 목격하시니까 mokgyeokhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 목격하시지만 mokgyeokhasijiman | 목격하시는데 mokgyeokhasineunde | 목격하시더니 mokgyeokhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 목격하시고 mokgyeokhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 목격하시면 mokgyeokhasimyeon | 목격하셔야 mokgyeokhasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 목격하시려고 mokgyeokhasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 목격하심 mokgyeokhasim | 목격하시기 mokgyeokhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 목격하셨음 mokgyeokhasyeosseum | 목격하셨기 mokgyeokhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 목격하신 mokgyeokhasin | |||
| Present | 목격하시는 mokgyeokhasineun | ||||
| Future | 목격하실 mokgyeokhasil | ||||