등락하다
Korean
Etymology
등락(騰落) (deungnak, “rise and fall, fluctuations”) + 하다 (hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɯŋna̠kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangeul: [등나카다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | deungnakhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | deunglag-hada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tŭngnakhada |
| Yale Romanization? | tunglak.hata |
Verb
등락하다 • (deungnakhada) (infinitive 등락해 or 등락하여, sequential 등락하니)
- to rise and fall, to fluctuate
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 등락하다 (deungnakhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 등락한다 deungnakhanda | 등락해 deungnakhae | 등락해요 deungnakhaeyo | 등락합니다 deungnakhamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 등락했다 deungnakhaetda | 등락했어 deungnakhaesseo | 등락했어요 deungnakhaesseoyo | 등락했습니다 deungnakhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 등락하느냐 deungnakhaneunya | 등락해 deungnakhae | 등락해요 deungnakhaeyo | 등락합니까 deungnakhamnikka |
| Past | 등락했느냐 deungnakhaenneunya | 등락했어 deungnakhaesseo | 등락했어요 deungnakhaesseoyo | 등락했습니까 deungnakhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 등락하자 deungnakhaja | 등락해 deungnakhae | 등락해요 deungnakhaeyo | 등락합시다 deungnakhapsida | |
| Imperative | 등락해라, 등락하여라 deungnakhaera, deungnakhayeora | 등락해 deungnakhae | 등락해요 deungnakhaeyo | 등락합시오 deungnakhapsio | |
| Assertive | 등락하겠다 deungnakhagetda | 등락하겠어 deungnakhagesseo | 등락하겠어요 deungnakhagesseoyo | 등락하겠습니다 deungnakhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 등락해 deungnakhae | 등락해서, 등락하여서 deungnakhaeseo, deungnakhayeoseo | 등락하니 deungnakhani | 등락하니까 deungnakhanikka | |
| Contrast | 등락하지만 deungnakhajiman | 등락하는데 deungnakhaneunde | 등락하더니 deungnakhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 등락하고 deungnakhago | ||||
| Condition | 등락하면 deungnakhamyeon | 등락해야, 등락하여야 deungnakhaeya, deungnakhayeoya | |||
| Motive | 등락하려고 deungnakharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 등락함 deungnakham | 등락하기 deungnakhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 등락했음, 등락하였음 deungnakhaesseum, deungnakhayeosseum | 등락했기, 등락하였기 deungnakhaetgi, deungnakhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 등락한 deungnakhan | |||
| Present | 등락하는 deungnakhaneun | ||||
| Future | 등락할 deungnakhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 등락하신다 deungnakhasinda | 등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo | 등락하세요, 등락하셔요 deungnakhaseyo, deungnakhasyeoyo | 등락하십니다 deungnakhasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 등락하셨다 deungnakhasyeotda | 등락하셨어 deungnakhasyeosseo | 등락하셨어요 deungnakhasyeosseoyo | 등락하셨습니다 deungnakhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 등락하시느냐 deungnakhasineunya | 등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo | 등락하세요, 등락하셔요 deungnakhaseyo, deungnakhasyeoyo | 등락하십니까 deungnakhasimnikka |
| Past | 등락하셨느냐 deungnakhasyeonneunya | 등락하셨어 deungnakhasyeosseo | 등락하셨어요 deungnakhasyeosseoyo | 등락하셨습니까 deungnakhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 등락하시라 deungnakhasira | 등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo | 등락하세요 deungnakhaseyo | 등락하십시오 deungnakhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 등락하시겠다 deungnakhasigetda | 등락하시겠어 deungnakhasigesseo | 등락하시겠어요 deungnakhasigesseoyo | 등락하시겠습니다 deungnakhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 등락하셔 deungnakhasyeo | 등락하셔서 deungnakhasyeoseo | 등락하시니 deungnakhasini | 등락하시니까 deungnakhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 등락하시지만 deungnakhasijiman | 등락하시는데 deungnakhasineunde | 등락하시더니 deungnakhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 등락하시고 deungnakhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 등락하시면 deungnakhasimyeon | 등락하셔야 deungnakhasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 등락하시려고 deungnakhasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 등락하심 deungnakhasim | 등락하시기 deungnakhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 등락하셨음 deungnakhasyeosseum | 등락하셨기 deungnakhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 등락하신 deungnakhasin | |||
| Present | 등락하시는 deungnakhasineun | ||||
| Future | 등락하실 deungnakhasil | ||||