들다
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Korean 들〮다〮 (túltá), from Old Korean 入乙 (*TUr-), the final rhotic also confirmed by linguistic reconstruction.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 들〮다〮 (Yale: túltá).
All meanings are related (often via metaphor) to the primary meaning of "to enter".
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɯɭda̠]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [들다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | deulda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | deulda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tŭlda |
| Yale Romanization? | tulta |
Verb
들다 • (deulda) (infinitive 들어, sequential 드니)
- (intransitive, both literal and figurative) to come in, go in, get in, enter
- Hypernyms: 들어오다 (deureooda, “to come in”), 들어가다 (deureogada, “to go in”)
- 숲에 드니 상쾌하다.
- sup-e deuni sangkwaehada.
- It's refreshing to enter the forest.
- 무소부지의 경지에 들다 ― musobuji-ui gyeongji-e deulda ― to enter a state of all-comprehensive knowledge
- (intransitive, of light, water, etc.) to enter, penetrate
- Synonym: 들어오다 (deureooda, “to come in”)
- 창문에 해가 너무 많이 들어.
- changmun-e hae-ga neomu mani deureo.
- There's too much sunlight coming in through the window.
- (intransitive) to enter a road or path
- 왼쪽 길로 들면 될 거야.
- oenjjok gil-lo deulmyeon doel geoya.
- It should be fine once you go into the left street.
- (intransitive, with the cost as subject) to cost
- 지하철을 타는 데 1000원이 들었다.
- jihacheor-eul taneun de cheonwon-i deureotda.
- It cost [me] a thousand won to ride the subway.
- (intransitive, of water, color, atmosphere, etc.) to permeate in, to saturate
- 간이 들다 ― gan-i deulda ― to be spiced
- 미국물이 들다 ― migungmur-i deulda ― to be permeated with American influence
- (intransitive) to be included in
- 계약서에 들어 있습니다.
- gyeyakseo-e deureo itseumnida.
- It's included in the contract.
- 일등급에 들다 ― ildeunggeub-e deulda ― to be in the highest rank of the Korean grading system
- 물이 어디에 들어 있어요? ― muri eodie deureo isseoyo? ― Where is water in?
- (intransitive, of an event, especially weather-related) to occur
- 흉년이 들었다
- hyungnyeon-i deureotda
- A year of harvest failure occurred
- (transitive or intransitive) to join an organization, to enter into a contract
- 보험을 들었어.
- boheom-eul deureosseo.
- I signed up for insurance.
- (transitive) to side with
- (auxiliary as 들고, often derogatory) to insist on doing, to strive
- (intransitive) Various idiomatic usages with different types of subjects:
- (with subject relating to thought) to think
- 이상한 생각이 든다
- isanghan saenggag-i deunda
- I get this weird thought
- (with subjects relating to disease) to contract, get
- 독감이 들다 ― dokgam-i deulda ― to get the flu
- (with subjects relating to sleep) to fall asleep
- 낮잠이 들다 ― natjam-i deulda ― to fall into a nap
- (with subject relating to habits) to get the habit
- (with subject relating to taste) to get the taste
- 신맛이 들다 ― sinmas-i deulda ― to get sour
- (with subject relating to age) to get old
- 나이가 들다 ― nai-ga deulda ― to get old, to put on years
- (euphemistic, with subject relating to a child) to get pregnant
- (with a subject relating to a blade) to be sharp, cut well
- (with subject relating to thought) to think
Usage notes
- (to physically enter a space): Nowadays, the compounds 들어오다 (deureooda, “to come in”) and 들어가다 (deureogada, “to go in”) are more common than the bare verb in literal, physical contexts.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 들다 (deulda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 든다 deunda | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭니다 deumnida |
| Past | 들었다 deureotda | 들었어 deureosseo | 들었어요 deureosseoyo | 들었습니다 deureotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 드느냐 deuneunya | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭니까 deumnikka |
| Past | 들었느냐 deureonneunya | 들었어 deureosseo | 들었어요 deureosseoyo | 들었습니까 deureotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 들자 deulja | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭시다 deupsida | |
| Imperative | 들어라 deureora | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭시오 deupsio | |
| Assertive | 들겠다 deulgetda | 들겠어 deulgesseo | 들겠어요 deulgesseoyo | 들겠습니다 deulgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 들어 deureo | 들어서 deureoseo | 드니 deuni | 드니까 deunikka | |
| Contrast | 들지만 deuljiman | 드는데 deuneunde | 들더니 deuldeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 들고 deulgo | ||||
| Condition | 들면 deulmyeon | 들어야 deureoya | |||
| Motive | 들려고 deullyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 듦 deum | 들기 deulgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 들었음 deureosseum | 들었기 deureotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 든 deun | |||
| Present | 드는 deuneun | ||||
| Future | 들 deul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 드신다 deusinda | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요, 드셔요 deuseyo, deusyeoyo | 드십니다 deusimnida |
| Past | 드셨다 deusyeotda | 드셨어 deusyeosseo | 드셨어요 deusyeosseoyo | 드셨습니다 deusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 드시느냐 deusineunya | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요, 드셔요 deuseyo, deusyeoyo | 드십니까 deusimnikka |
| Past | 드셨느냐 deusyeonneunya | 드셨어 deusyeosseo | 드셨어요 deusyeosseoyo | 드셨습니까 deusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 드시라 deusira | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요 deuseyo | 드십시오 deusipsio | |
| Assertive | 드시겠다 deusigetda | 드시겠어 deusigesseo | 드시겠어요 deusigesseoyo | 드시겠습니다 deusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 드셔 deusyeo | 드셔서 deusyeoseo | 드시니 deusini | 드시니까 deusinikka | |
| Contrast | 드시지만 deusijiman | 드시는데 deusineunde | 드시더니 deusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 드시고 deusigo | ||||
| Condition | 드시면 deusimyeon | 드셔야 deusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 드시려고 deusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 드심 deusim | 드시기 deusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 드셨음 deusyeosseum | 드셨기 deusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 드신 deusin | |||
| Present | 드시는 deusineun | ||||
| Future | 드실 deusil | ||||
Derived terms
(idioms):
- 마음에 들다 (ma'eume deulda, “be pleasing”)
- 눈에 들다 (nune deulda, “to be attention-grabbing”)
- 잠이 들다 (jami deulda, “to fall asleep”)
- 나이가 들다 (naiga deulda, “to age”)
- 날이 들다 (nari deulda, “to become clear weather”)
- 땀이 들다 (ttami deulda, “to stop sweating”)
(compound verbs):
- 들어가다 (deureogada, “to enter, go into, be installed”)
- 들어오다 (deureooda, “to come in, earn, greet”)
- 들어맞다 (deureomatda, “to answer, harmonize, prove true, match”)
- 들어박히다 (deureobakhida, “to stay indoors, stick to”)
- 들어앉다 (deureoanda, “to come closer, establish oneself”)
- 들어차다 (deureochada, “to be full, crowded”)
Related terms
- 들이 (deuri)
- 들이 (-deuri)
Etymology 2
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 들다〮 (Yale: tùltá), from Proto-Koreanic *tu(N)l(u)-.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɯɭda̠]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [들다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | deulda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | deulda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tŭlda |
| Yale Romanization? | tulta |
Verb
들다 • (deulda) (infinitive 들어, sequential 드니)
- (transitive) to hold
- 칼을 들다 ― kar-eul deulda ― to hold a sword
- 코트를 들어 드릴까요? ― koteu-reul deureo deurilkkayo? ― Shall I hold your coat?
(file)
- (transitive) to raise, lift up
- 손을 들다 ― son-eul deulda ― to raise one's hand
- 나무를 들다 ― namu-reul deulda ― to lift up a tree
- Synonym: 올리다 (ollida)
- (transitive, by extension) to offer proof, arguments, etc.
- 예를 들다 ― ye-reul deulda ― to provide an example
- (transitive, honorific, suppletive) Honorific form of 먹다 (meokda, “to eat”)
- Synonym: 잡수다 (japsuda)
- 할아버지, 저녁 드세요!
- harabeoji, jeonyeok deuseyo!
- Grandpa, come out and have dinner!
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 들다 (deulda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 든다 deunda | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭니다 deumnida |
| Past | 들었다 deureotda | 들었어 deureosseo | 들었어요 deureosseoyo | 들었습니다 deureotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 드느냐 deuneunya | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭니까 deumnikka |
| Past | 들었느냐 deureonneunya | 들었어 deureosseo | 들었어요 deureosseoyo | 들었습니까 deureotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 들자 deulja | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭시다 deupsida | |
| Imperative | 들어라 deureora | 들어 deureo | 들어요 deureoyo | 듭시오 deupsio | |
| Assertive | 들겠다 deulgetda | 들겠어 deulgesseo | 들겠어요 deulgesseoyo | 들겠습니다 deulgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 들어 deureo | 들어서 deureoseo | 드니 deuni | 드니까 deunikka | |
| Contrast | 들지만 deuljiman | 드는데 deuneunde | 들더니 deuldeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 들고 deulgo | ||||
| Condition | 들면 deulmyeon | 들어야 deureoya | |||
| Motive | 들려고 deullyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 듦 deum | 들기 deulgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 들었음 deureosseum | 들었기 deureotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 든 deun | |||
| Present | 드는 deuneun | ||||
| Future | 들 deul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 드신다 deusinda | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요, 드셔요 deuseyo, deusyeoyo | 드십니다 deusimnida |
| Past | 드셨다 deusyeotda | 드셨어 deusyeosseo | 드셨어요 deusyeosseoyo | 드셨습니다 deusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 드시느냐 deusineunya | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요, 드셔요 deuseyo, deusyeoyo | 드십니까 deusimnikka |
| Past | 드셨느냐 deusyeonneunya | 드셨어 deusyeosseo | 드셨어요 deusyeosseoyo | 드셨습니까 deusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 드시라 deusira | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요 deuseyo | 드십시오 deusipsio | |
| Assertive | 드시겠다 deusigetda | 드시겠어 deusigesseo | 드시겠어요 deusigesseoyo | 드시겠습니다 deusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 드셔 deusyeo | 드셔서 deusyeoseo | 드시니 deusini | 드시니까 deusinikka | |
| Contrast | 드시지만 deusijiman | 드시는데 deusineunde | 드시더니 deusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 드시고 deusigo | ||||
| Condition | 드시면 deusimyeon | 드셔야 deusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 드시려고 deusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 드심 deusim | 드시기 deusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 드셨음 deusyeosseum | 드셨기 deusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 드신 deusin | |||
| Present | 드시는 deusineun | ||||
| Future | 드실 deusil | ||||
Selected forms of the verb 드시다 (deusida): vowel-stem, 시(si)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 드신다 deusinda | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요, 드셔요 deuseyo, deusyeoyo | 드십니다 deusimnida |
| Past | 드셨다 deusyeotda | 드셨어 deusyeosseo | 드셨어요 deusyeosseoyo | 드셨습니다 deusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 드시느냐 deusineunya | 드셔 deusyeo | 드세요, 드셔요 deuseyo, deusyeoyo | 드십니까 deusimnikka |
| Past | 드셨느냐 deusyeonneunya | 드셨어 deusyeosseo | 드셨어요 deusyeosseoyo | 드셨습니까 deusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 드세요, 드셔요 deuseyo, deusyeoyo | 드십시오 deusipsio | |||
| Assertive | 드시겠다 deusigetda | 드시겠어 deusigesseo | 드시겠어요 deusigesseoyo | 드시겠습니다 deusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 드셔 deusyeo | 드셔서 deusyeoseo | 드시니 deusini | 드시니까 deusinikka | |
| Contrast | 드시지만 deusijiman | 드시는데 deusineunde | 드시더니 deusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 드시고 deusigo | ||||
| Condition | 드시면 deusimyeon | 드셔야 deusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 드시려고 deusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 드심 deusim | 드시기 deusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 드셨음 deusyeosseum | 드셨기 deusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 드신 deusin | |||
| Present | 드시는 deusineun | ||||
| Future | 드실 deusil | ||||
This verb is in honorific form.
Etymology 3
Related to 데리다 (derida)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɯɭda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [들다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | deulda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | deulda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tŭlda |
| Yale Romanization? | tulta |
Verb
들다 • (deulda) (infinitive 들어, sequential 드니)
- (Jeolla dialect) to bring
- 2018 March 6, 최현섭, “당산제 모시기”, in 한국구비문학대계, 광주광역시 북구 덕흥동:
- 그 사람들 들고 인자 서이, 너이 장봇짐을 허믄...
- geu saram-deul deul-go inja seoi, neoi jangbotjim-eul heo-meun...
- If you brought those people and made them wear three, four big backpacks...
-