됴타
Middle Korean
Etymology
Perhaps ultimately a Sino-Korean ᄒᆞ다〮 (hòtá)-verb; see Korean 좋다 (jota) for more.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tjoh˨˦ta˦/, [tjo˨˦tʰa˦]
Verb
됴〯타〮 (tyǒthá) (infinitive 됴〯하〮, sequential 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮)
- (intransitive) to become (or to be) pleasing; to become (or to be) good
- 14th c.? (pub. late 15th c.), “滿殿春 / 만전춘 (Manjeonchun)”, in 樂章歌詞 / 악장가사 (Akjang gasa):
- 올하 올하 아련 비올하 여흘란 어듸 두고 소해 자라 온다 소콧 얼면 여흘도 됴ᄒᆞ니
- wolh-a wolh-a alyen piwolh-a yehul-lan etuy twukwo swoh-ay cala wonta swoh-kwos elmyen yehul-two tyohuni
- O duck, o duck, o foolish rain-duck! Where have you left your riffles that you come sleep in the marsh? But once the marsh freezes, the riffles are good as well.
- 1481, 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해, page 19:33:
- 사〯ᄅᆞ미〮 됴〯ᄒᆞᆯᄊᆡ〮 ᄯᅩ〮 가마괴〮도〮 됴〯토다〮
- sǎlàm-í tyǒhòlssóy stwó kàmàkwóy-twó tyǒthwòtá
- Though people are pleasing to me, how the ravens please me as well!
- Antonym: 굿다〮 (kwùstá)
- (intransitive) to become (or to be) of superior quality; to become (or to be) good
- 1517, 飜譯朴通事 / 번역박통사, page I.47:
- ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ 됴〯ᄒᆞ신〮 누의님〮하〮
- mòzòm tyǒhòsín nwùùy-ním-há
- O my honored good-hearted sister!
- Antonym: 굿다〮 (kwùstá)
- (intransitive) to become (or to be) suitable or good for a specific purpose
- 1466, 救急方諺解 / 구급방언해, page I.50:
- 새〮 약곳〮 업〯거든〮 달힌〮 즈ᅀᅴ도〮 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮니라〮
- sáy yàk-kwós ěpkètún tàlhín cùzùy-twó tyǒhónìlá
- As long as one has none of the new medicine, the boiled dregs are also suitable.
- Antonym: 굿다〮 (kwùstá)
- (intransitive) to get better, to be healed, to recover from an illness
- (uncommon, transitive) to be pleased by, to consider as good
- Synonym: 됴〯히〮 너기〮다〮 (tyǒhí nèkítá)
- (hapax, transitive) to heal, to cure (possibly awkward literal translation from Chinese)
- Synonym: 고티〮다〮 (kwòthítá)
Usage notes
Modern learners often confuse this verb with 조타〮 (cwòtá), which means "to be pure".
Conjugation
| Selected conjugations of 됴〯타〮 (tyǒthá), Accentual class R | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected plain sentence-final forms | |||||
| Declarative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative | |||
| Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | |||
| Past | 됴〯타〮 (tyǒthá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒhónìlá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ가〮 (tyǒhònká) 됴〯ᄒᆞ녀〮 (tyǒhònyé) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ고〮 (tyǒhònkwó) 됴〯ᄒᆞ뇨〮 (tyǒhònyó) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ다〮 (tyǒhòntá) | 됴〯호라〮 (tyǒhwòlá) |
| Present | 됸〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (tyǒnnòtá) 됸〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒnnónìlá) | 됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (tyǒnnònká) 됸〯ᄂᆞ녀〮 (tyǒnnònyé) | 됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (tyǒnnònkwó) 됸〯ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (tyǒnnònyó) | 됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (tyǒnnòntá) | 됸〯노라〮 (tyǒnnwòlá) |
| Conjectural | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮리라〮 (tyǒhólìlá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ가〮 (tyǒhòlqká) 됴〯ᄒᆞ려〮 (tyǒhòlyé) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ고〮 (tyǒhòlqkwó) 됴〯ᄒᆞ료〮 (tyǒhòlyó) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ다〮 (tyǒhòlqtá) | 됴〯호〮리라〮 (tyǒhwólìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective | 됴〯터라〮 (tyǒthèlá) 됴〯터〮니라〮 (tyǒthénìlá) | 됴〯턴가〮 (tyǒthènká) 됴〯터녀〮 (tyǒthènyé) | 됴〯턴고〮 (tyǒthènkwó) 됴〯터뇨〮 (tyǒthènyó) | 됴〯턴다〮 (tyǒthèntá) | 됴〯타라〮 (tyǒthàlá) |
| 거 (-ke-) form | 됴〯커다〮 (tyǒkhètá) 됴〯커〮니라〮 (tyǒkhénìlá) | 됴〯커녀〮 (tyǒkhènyé) | 됴〯커뇨〮 (tyǒkhènyó) | 됴〯컨다〮 (tyǒkhèntá) | 됴〯콰라〮 (tyǒkhwàlá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
됴〯쳐〮 (tyǒchyé, hortative) | 됴〯코라〮 (tyǒkhwòlá, request) | 됴〯토다〮 (tyǒthwòtá), 됴〯톳다〮 (tyǒthwòstá) 됴〯해라〮 (tyǒhàylá) | |||
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms | |||||
| Past | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhóngìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòníngìtá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒhòníngìská) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒhòníngìskwó) | no separate forms | 됴〯호〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhwóngìtá) |
| Present | 됸〯ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒnnóngìtá) 됸〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒnnòníngìtá) | 됸〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒnnòníngìská) | 됸〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒnnòníngìskwó) | 됸〯노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒnnwóngìtá) | |
| Conjectural | 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòlíngìtá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒhòlíngìská) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒhòlíngìskwó) | 됴〯호리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhwòlíngìtá) | |
| Retrospective/ imperfective | 됴〯터〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒthéngìtá) 됴〯터니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒthèníngìtá) | 됴〯터니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒthèníngìská) | 됴〯터니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒthèníngìskwó) | 됴〯타〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒthángìtá) | |
| 거 (-ke-) form | 됴〯커〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhéngìtá) 됴〯커니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhèníngìtá) | 됴〯커니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (tyǒkhèníngìská) | 됴〯커니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (tyǒkhèníngìskwó) | 됴〯카〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhángìtá) | |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
됴〯싸〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒssángìtá, hortative) | 됴〯코〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhwóngìtá, request) | 됴〯해〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒháyngìtá) | |||
| Selected honorific declarative forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective | 거 (-ke-) form | |
| Plain subject-honoring | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시다〮 (tyǒhósìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮니라〮 (tyǒhòsínìlá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (tyǒhòsínòtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒhósìnónìlá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮리라〮 (tyǒhòsílìlá) | 됴〯터〮시다〮 (tyǒthésìtá) 됴〯터시〮니라〮 (tyǒthèsínìlá) | 됴〯커〮시다〮 (tyǒkhésìtá) 됴〯커시〮니라〮 (tyǒkhèsínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòsíngìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhósìníngìtá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhósìnóngìtá) 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhòsínòníngìtá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒhósílíngìtá) | 됴〯터시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒthèsíngìtá) 됴〯터〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒthésìníngìtá) | 됴〯커시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhèsíngìtá) 됴〯커〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (tyǒkhésìníngìtá) |
| Plain object-honoring | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯다〮 (tyǒssǒptá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒssòWónìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (tyǒssǒpnòtá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒpnónìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (tyǒssòWólìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯더라〮 (tyǒssǒptèlá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒpténìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거다〮 (tyǒssǒpkètá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒpkénìlá) |
| Plain subject- and object-honoring | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮시다〮 (tyǒssòWósìtá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮니라〮 (tyǒssòWósínìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (tyǒssòWósínòtá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (tyǒssòWósìnónìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮시〮리라〮 (tyǒssòWósílìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯더〮시다〮 (tyǒssǒptésìtá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯더시〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒptèsínìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거〮시다〮 (tyǒssǒpkésìtá) 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거시〮니라〮 (tyǒssǒpkèsínìlá) |
| Selected connective forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring |
| Conjunctive/consecutive/infinitive ("and, next, then, with this, etc.") | |||||
| 됴〯코〮 (tyǒkhwó) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시고〮 (tyǒhósìkwó) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯고〮 (tyǒssǒpkwó) | 됴〯하〮 (tyǒhá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ샤〮 (tyǒhòsyá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᅡ〮 (tyǒssòWá) |
| 됴〯ᄒᆞ며〮 (tyǒhòmyé) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시며〮 (tyǒhósìmyé) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮며〮 (tyǒssòWómyé) | 됴〯타가〮 (tyǒthàká) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮다가〮 (tyǒhòsítàká) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯다가〮 (tyǒssǒptàká) |
| Causative ("because, since, as, given that, etc.") | |||||
| 됴〯ᄒᆞ니〮 (tyǒhòní) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시니〮 (tyǒhósìní) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮니〮 (tyǒssòWóní) | 됴〯커ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒkhènól) | 됴〯커〮시ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒkhésìnól) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒssǒpkènól) |
| Only in interrogative sentences: | Only in declarative sentences: | ||||
| 됴〯ᄒᆞᆯᄊᆡ〮 (tyǒhòlssóy) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮실ᄊᆡ〮 (tyǒhósìlssóy) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞᆯ〮ᄊᆡ〮 (tyǒssòWólssóy) | 됴〯콴ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒkhwàntóy) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮관ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒhòsíkwàntóy) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯관ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒssǒpkwàntóy) |
| Conditional/situating ("when, if, in response, etc.") | |||||
| 됴〯ᄒᆞ면〮 (tyǒhòmyén) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시면〮 (tyǒhósìmyén) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮면〮 (tyǒssòWómyén) | 됴〯커든〮 (tyǒkhètún) | 됴〯커〮시든〮 (tyǒkhésìtún) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯거든〮 (tyǒssǒpkètún) |
| 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ대〮 (tyǒhòntáy) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮신대〮 (tyǒhósìntáy) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮대〮 (tyǒssòWóntáy) | 됴〯컨댄〮 (tyǒkhèntáyn) | 됴〯커〮신댄〮 (tyǒkhésìntáyn) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯건댄〮 (tyǒssǒpkèntáyn) |
| Contrastive/concessive ("but, although, despite, etc.") | |||||
| 됴〯ᄒᆞ나〮 (tyǒhòná) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시나〮 (tyǒhósìná) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮나〮 (tyǒssòWóná) | 됴〯호ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒhwòtóy) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮샤ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒhósyàtóy) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᅩ〮ᄃᆡ〮 (tyǒssòWwótóy) |
| 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫᄃᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒhòntól) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮신ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒhósìntól) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (tyǒssòWóntól) | 됴〯컨〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒkhénmàlón) | 됴〯커신〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒkhèsínmàlón) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯건〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒssǒpkénmàlón) |
| Purposive/desiderative ("in order to, as to, for, etc.") | |||||
| 됴〯호려〮 (tyǒhwòlyé) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮샤려〮 (tyǒhósyàlyé) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᅩ〮려〮 (tyǒssòWwólyé) | Not used for verbs of state or movement: | ||
| 됴〯ᄒᆞ라〮 (tyǒhòlá) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시라〮 (tyǒhósìlá) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮라〮 (tyǒssòWólá) | |||
| Speaker desires their own action: | Speaker desires another's action: | ||||
| 됴〯코져〮 (tyǒkhwòcyé) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮고져〮 (tyǒhòsíkwòcyé) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯고져〮 (tyǒssǒpkwòcyé) | 됴〯콰뎌〮 (tyǒkhwàtyé) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시〮과뎌〮 (tyǒhòsíkwàtyé) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯과뎌〮 (tyǒssǒpkwàtyé) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective | 거 (-ke-) form | |
| Unmodulated non-honorific | 됴〯ᄒᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒhón) | 됸〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒnnón) | 됴〯ᄒᆞᇙ〮 (tyǒhólq) | 됴〯턴〮 (tyǒthén) | 됴〯컨〮 (tyǒkhén) |
| Modulated non-honorific | 됴〯혼〮 (tyǒhón) | 됸〯논〮 (tyǒnnwón) | 됴〯호ᇙ〮 (tyǒhwólq) | 됴〯탄〮 (tyǒthán) | not used outside fossilized compounds |
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | 됴〯ᄒᆞ신〮 (tyǒhòsín) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒhósìnón) | 됴〯ᄒᆞ시ᇙ〮 (tyǒhòsílq) | 됴〯터신〮 (tyǒthèsín) | |
| Unmodulated object-honoring | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒssòWón) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (tyǒssǒpnón) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᄫᆞᇙ〮 (tyǒssòWólq) | 됴〯ᄊᆞᆸ〯던〮 (tyǒssǒptén) | |
| Substantive forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | Object-honoring | |||
Descendants
- Early Modern Korean: 둏다 (dyota)
- Korean: 좋다 (jota)
- Northwestern Korean: 돟다 (dota)
- Yukjin Korean: 둏다 (dyota)