되놈

Korean

Etymology

되 (doe, “Jurchen; Chinese”) +‎ 놈 (nom, “bastard”)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 되 (Yale: twoy). The Middle Korean word refers to Jurchens and not Chinese. After the Qing conquest of China, Koreans believed that the Chinese had become barbarized under Jurchen/Manchu rule, explaining why the modern term is used to refer to the Chinese.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [twe̞no̞m] ~ [tø̞no̞m]
Phonetic hangeul: [뒈놈/되놈]

Revised Romanization^?	doenom
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	doenom
McCune–Reischauer^?	toenom
Yale Romanization^?	toynom

Noun

되놈 • (doenom)

(offensive) a Chinaman; a Chinese person