동작하다
Korean
Etymology
동작(動作) (dongjak, “movement, action”) + 하다 (hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈto̞(ː)ŋd͡ʑa̠kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangeul: [동(ː)자카다]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, the great majority of speakers (in both Koreas) no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | dongjakhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | dongjag-hada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tongjakhada |
| Yale Romanization? | tōngcak.hata |
Verb
동작하다 • (dongjakhada) (infinitive 동작해 or 동작하여, sequential 동작하니)
- to move, to do a motion
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 동작하다 (dongjakhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 동작한다 dongjakhanda | 동작해 dongjakhae | 동작해요 dongjakhaeyo | 동작합니다 dongjakhamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 동작했다 dongjakhaetda | 동작했어 dongjakhaesseo | 동작했어요 dongjakhaesseoyo | 동작했습니다 dongjakhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 동작하느냐 dongjakhaneunya | 동작해 dongjakhae | 동작해요 dongjakhaeyo | 동작합니까 dongjakhamnikka |
| Past | 동작했느냐 dongjakhaenneunya | 동작했어 dongjakhaesseo | 동작했어요 dongjakhaesseoyo | 동작했습니까 dongjakhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 동작하자 dongjakhaja | 동작해 dongjakhae | 동작해요 dongjakhaeyo | 동작합시다 dongjakhapsida | |
| Imperative | 동작해라, 동작하여라 dongjakhaera, dongjakhayeora | 동작해 dongjakhae | 동작해요 dongjakhaeyo | 동작합시오 dongjakhapsio | |
| Assertive | 동작하겠다 dongjakhagetda | 동작하겠어 dongjakhagesseo | 동작하겠어요 dongjakhagesseoyo | 동작하겠습니다 dongjakhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 동작해 dongjakhae | 동작해서, 동작하여서 dongjakhaeseo, dongjakhayeoseo | 동작하니 dongjakhani | 동작하니까 dongjakhanikka | |
| Contrast | 동작하지만 dongjakhajiman | 동작하는데 dongjakhaneunde | 동작하더니 dongjakhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 동작하고 dongjakhago | ||||
| Condition | 동작하면 dongjakhamyeon | 동작해야, 동작하여야 dongjakhaeya, dongjakhayeoya | |||
| Motive | 동작하려고 dongjakharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 동작함 dongjakham | 동작하기 dongjakhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 동작했음, 동작하였음 dongjakhaesseum, dongjakhayeosseum | 동작했기, 동작하였기 dongjakhaetgi, dongjakhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 동작한 dongjakhan | |||
| Present | 동작하는 dongjakhaneun | ||||
| Future | 동작할 dongjakhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 동작하신다 dongjakhasinda | 동작하셔 dongjakhasyeo | 동작하세요, 동작하셔요 dongjakhaseyo, dongjakhasyeoyo | 동작하십니다 dongjakhasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 동작하셨다 dongjakhasyeotda | 동작하셨어 dongjakhasyeosseo | 동작하셨어요 dongjakhasyeosseoyo | 동작하셨습니다 dongjakhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 동작하시느냐 dongjakhasineunya | 동작하셔 dongjakhasyeo | 동작하세요, 동작하셔요 dongjakhaseyo, dongjakhasyeoyo | 동작하십니까 dongjakhasimnikka |
| Past | 동작하셨느냐 dongjakhasyeonneunya | 동작하셨어 dongjakhasyeosseo | 동작하셨어요 dongjakhasyeosseoyo | 동작하셨습니까 dongjakhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 동작하시라 dongjakhasira | 동작하셔 dongjakhasyeo | 동작하세요 dongjakhaseyo | 동작하십시오 dongjakhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 동작하시겠다 dongjakhasigetda | 동작하시겠어 dongjakhasigesseo | 동작하시겠어요 dongjakhasigesseoyo | 동작하시겠습니다 dongjakhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 동작하셔 dongjakhasyeo | 동작하셔서 dongjakhasyeoseo | 동작하시니 dongjakhasini | 동작하시니까 dongjakhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 동작하시지만 dongjakhasijiman | 동작하시는데 dongjakhasineunde | 동작하시더니 dongjakhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 동작하시고 dongjakhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 동작하시면 dongjakhasimyeon | 동작하셔야 dongjakhasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 동작하시려고 dongjakhasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 동작하심 dongjakhasim | 동작하시기 dongjakhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 동작하셨음 dongjakhasyeosseum | 동작하셨기 dongjakhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 동작하신 dongjakhasin | |||
| Present | 동작하시는 dongjakhasineun | ||||
| Future | 동작하실 dongjakhasil | ||||