-는데
Korean
Alternative forms
- 은데 (-eunde) – see Usage notes
Etymology
Possibly grammaticalized from 는 (neun, “that, which is”, present-tense adnominal suffix) + 데 (de, “place”, dependent noun).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɯnde̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [는데]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | neunde |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | neunde |
McCune–Reischauer? | nŭnde |
Yale Romanization? | nuntey |
Suffix
는데 • (-neunde)
- since; used to convey current relevant circumstances before an explanation, suggestion, question, etc.
- 밖이 시끄러운데 무슨 일 있나?
- Bakk-i sikkeureounde museun il inna?
- It's noisy outside; is something going on?
- 날이 좋던데 어디 놀러 안 갈래?
- Nar-i joteonde eodi nolleo an gallae?
- I saw that it was nice outside, why don't we go have fun?
- 야, 밖에 눈 오는데 눈싸움하자!
- ya, bakk-e nun o-neunde nunssaum-haja!
- Hey, it's snowing outside! Let's have a snowball fight!
- In the "intimate" speech level used between friends, by superiors to inferiors, etc., a verb-final suffix:
- An exclamatory suffix conveying surprise or hesitation.
- 여, 제법인데?
- Yeo, jebeob-i-nde?
- Oh, nice performance; better than I expected!
- 그렇지만 나이도 있으신데...
- Geureochiman nai-do isseu-si-nde...
- But he's quite old...
- 이러다 금메달도 따겠는데?
- ireoda geummedal-do tta-get--neunde?
- At this rate, you're going to get the gold medal!
- An interrogative suffix urging the listener to respond, used with an interrogative.
- 뭐를 먹었는데?
- mwo-reul meog-eot--neunde?
- So what did you eat?
- An exclamatory suffix conveying surprise or hesitation.
Usage notes
- 는데 (-neunde) causes stem-final ㄹ (l) to drop out.
- 는데 (-neunde) is used for all verbs, for the existential adjectives 있다 (itda), 없다 (eopda), and 계시다 (gyesida), and for adjectives with tense marking with 었 (-eot-) and 겠 (-get-).
- 은데 (-eunde) is used for adjectives without tense marking, and after the retrospective suffix 더 (-deo-).