-는
See also: 는 and -는-
Korean
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɯn]
- Phonetic hangul: [는]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | neun |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | neun |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nŭn |
| Yale Romanization? | nun |
Etymology 1
Equivalent to Middle Korean ᄂᆞ (Yale: -no, present-tense suffix) + ㄴ (Yale: -n, realis gerundive suffix). The first element is now homophonous 는 (-neun-) in Modern Korean; see that entry for more.
Suffix
는 • (-neun)
- that is..., that [one] is..., -ing, etc.; suffix attached to the stem of verbs or the existential adjectives 있다 (itda) and 없다 (eopda) to turn the clause into a dependent one in the present tense.
- Coordinate terms: 은 (-eun, past-tense), 던 (-deon, past-tense imperfect), 을 (-eul, future or irrealis)
- 읽는 책 ― ik-neun chaek ― the book one is reading
- 사는 곳 ― sa-neun got ― the place where one lives
- 동물원에 있는 호랑이 ― dongmurwon-e it-neun horang'i ― the tiger that is in a zoo
- 떠나는 사람들 ― tteona-neun saram-deul ― the people leaving
Usage notes
- This suffix causes stem-final ㄹ (l) to drop out.
Derived terms
- 었는 (-eonneun)
Etymology 2
From Middle Korean 는〮 (Yale: -nún), ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: -nón), probably a reduplication of 은〮 (Yale: -ún), ᄋᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: -ón). See the main entry for more.
Particle
는 • (-neun)
- Post-vowel allomorphic form of 은 (-eun, topic marker).
Etymology 3
Possibly a contraction of 느냐 (-neunya).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɯn]
- Phonetic hangul: [는]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | neun |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | neun |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nŭn |
| Yale Romanization? | nun |
Suffix
는 • (-neun)
- Gyeonggi form of 느냐 (-neunya, “plain-style interrogative suffix”)
- Synonyms: 냐 (-nya), 니 (-ni)
- 1990, Park Wan-Suh, 미망 (Mimang) [Illusions]:너 무슨 소리를 그렇게 허는? (Gyeonggi dialect, Kaepoong)
- neo museun sori-reul geureoke heoneun?
- Why are you saying it like that?
- The novel Illusions, written by Park Wan-Suh, who comes from Kaepoong county, takes place in the area during the first half of the 20th century. In the novel's dialogue, she often uses the traditional pre-war Kaesong dialect.
Usage notes
Appears to be most commonly used around the Kaesong region.