내
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내낵낶낷낸낹낺 낻낼낽낾낿냀냁 냂냃냄냅냆냇냈 냉냊냋냌냍냎냏 | |
나 ← | → 냐 |
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Korean
Etymology 1
![](Images/wiktionary/Potok_pod_jezerom_1.jpg.webp)
First attested as eighth-century Old Korean 川理 (*NAri); the Old Korean form is also given directly in Dongdong, an archaic poem in the 1493 collection Akhak gwebeom (樂學軌範 / 악학궤범), as 나리 (Yale: nali).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 냏〯 (Yale: nǎyh).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | nae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nae |
McCune–Reischauer? | nae |
Yale Romanization? | nāy |
Noun
내 • (nae)
- (now chiefly literary or poetic) stream, brook
- Synonym: 개천(開川) (gaecheon)
- 내가 흐르다 ― nae-ga heureuda ― for a stream to flow
- 1955 (posthumous), 윤동주/尹東柱 [Yun Dong-ju], “새로운 길 [A New Road]”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 詩 [Sky, Wind, Stars, and Poetry]:
- 내를 건너서 숲으로 / 고개를 넘어서 마을로 / 어제도 가고 오늘도 갈 / 나의 길 새로운 길
- nae-reul geonneoseo sup-euro / gogae-reul neomeoseo ma'eul-lo / eoje-do gago oneul-do gal / na-ui gil saeroun gil
- Crossing the stream and into the forest / Over the hill and into the village / The road I travelled yesterday and will travel today / The road will be forever new
Derived terms
- 냇가 (naetga)
- 냇내 (naennae)
- 냇둑 (naetduk)
- 냇모래 (naenmorae)
- 냇물 (naenmul)
- 냇바닥 (naetbadak)
- 냇바람 (naetbaram)
- 냇버들 (naetbeodeul)
- 냇자갈 (naetjagal)
- 냇줄기 (naetjulgi)
- 뒷내 (dwinnae)
- 시내 (sinae)
- 앞내 (amnae)
See also
- 川 (cheon), the hanja for "stream"
Etymology 2
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 내〮 (Yale: náy).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [내/네]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | nae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nae |
McCune–Reischauer? | nae |
Yale Romanization? | nay |
Noun
내 • (nae)
- smell, scent
- Synonym: 냄새 (naemsae)
- 빵에서 고소한 내가 풍긴다. ― Ppang-eseo goso-han nae-ga pungginda. ― From the bread a sweet scent is given off.
Usage notes
- Typically used in compounds; 냄새 (naemsae) is more commonly used alone.
Derived terms
- 간내 (gannae)
- 갯내 (gaennae)
- 겻불내 (gyeotbullae)
- 고랑내 (gorangnae)
- 고린내 (gorinnae)
- 곰팡내 (gompangnae)
- 구린내 (gurinnae)
- 군내 (gunnae)
- 기름내 (gireumnae)
- 날내 (nallae)
- 냇내 (naennae)
- 노린내 (norinnae)
- 누린내 (nurinnae)
- 눋대 (nutdae)
- 단내 (dannae)
- 들내 (deullae)
- 땀내 (ttamnae)
- 땅내 (ttangnae)
- 똥내 (ttongnae)
- 뜬내 (tteunnae)
- 머릿내 (meorinnae)
- 먼지내 (meonjinae)
- 몸내 (momnae)
- 묵은내 (mugeunnae)
- 문내 (munnae)
- 문뱃내 (munbaennae)
- 밥내 (bamnae)
- 비린내 (birinnae)
- 살내 (sallae)
- 쇳내 (soennae)
- 숯내 (sunnae)
- 쉰내 (swinnae)
- 암내 (amnae)
- 오줌내 (ojumnae)
- 입내 (imnae)
- 자릿내 (jarinnae)
- 잡내 (jamnae)
- 젖내 (jeonnae)
- 좀내 (jomnae)
- 지린내 (jirinnae)
- 코린내 (korinnae)
- 쿠린내 (kurinnae)
- 탄내 (tannae)
- 풋내 (punnae)
- 피비린내 (pibirinnae)
- 흙내 (heungnae)
Etymology 3
From Middle Korean 내〮 (ná-y).
Equivalent to a contraction of 나 (na, “I; me”, plain first-person pronoun) + 이 (-i, nominative particle). When the 가 (-ga) allomorph of the nominative particle was introduced, it was attached to the already marked form of 나 (na), producing this new allomorphy.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [내/네]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | nae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nae |
McCune–Reischauer? | nae |
Yale Romanization? | nay |
Pronoun
내 • (nae)
- allomorph of 나 (na, plain first-person pronoun) before 가 (-ga, nominative suffix)
Etymology 4
From Middle Korean 내 (này).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [내/네]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | nae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nae |
McCune–Reischauer? | nae |
Yale Romanization? | nay |
Determiner
내 • (nae)
- Contraction of 나의 (na-ui): my
- 내 기억이 맞다면 그는 교사였다. ― nae gieog-i matdamyeon geu-neun gyosa-yeotda. ― If my memory serves me right, he was a teacher.
Etymology 5
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄂᆡ〮 (Yale: nóy).
Displaced by Sino-Korean 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi), as the general word for "smoke".
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [내/네]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | nae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nae |
McCune–Reischauer? | nae |
Yale Romanization? | nay |
Noun
내 • (nae)
- (now uncommon) smoke
- Synonym: 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi)
- 내를 맡다/마시다 ― nae-reul matda/masida ― to inhale smoke
- 1991 September 1, “孫悟空과 宇宙船”, in Chosun Ilbo:
- 그 회견에서 내려다본 지구의 모습을 묻는 말에 『마치 연기에 가려진 것처럼 내가 잔뜩 끼여있다. 피나투보화산의 폭발 때문인지 쿠웨이트의 유전 연기 때문인지는 알 수 없지만 이제까지 세번에 걸친 우주여행에서 최악의 흐린 전망이다』고 했다.
- geu hoegyeon-eseo naeryeodabon jigu-ui moseub-eul munneun mar-e machi yeon'gi-e garyeojin geot-cheoreom nae-ga jantteuk kkiyeoitda. Pinatubo-hwasan-ui pokbal ttaemun-inji Kuweiteu-ui yujeon yeon'gi ttaemun-inji-neun al su eop-jiman ije-kkaji se-beon-e geolchin ujuyeohaeng-eseo choeag-ui heurin jeonmang-idago haetda.
- In the news conference, when asked about the view of Earth as seen from space [Dr. Lucid] replied, "It was enveloped in an obscuring haze of smoke. I do not know if that is because of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo or smoke from the Kuwaiti oil fields, but it is so far the worst view I had in all of my three missions."
See also
- 煙 (yeon), the hanja for "smoke"
Etymology 6
Sino-Korean word from 內 (內).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | nae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nae |
McCune–Reischauer? | nae |
Yale Romanization? | nāy |
Dependent noun
내 • (nae) (hanja 內)
- inside (an area or space)
- Synonym: 안 (an)
- Antonym: 외(外) (oe)
- 사무실 내에서는 흡연 금지입니다. ― samusil nae-eseo-neun heubyeon geumji-imnida. ― Smoking is forbidden in the office.
- within (a certain time or limit)
- Synonym: 안 (an)
- Antonym: 외(外) (oe)
- 과제는 금주 내로 제출해야 됩니다. ― gwaje-neun geumju nae-ro jechul-haeya doemnida. ― The assignment must be submitted by the end of the week.
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 內 (內) for Sino-Korean compounds of 내 (內, nae).
Prefix
내— • (nae-) (hanja 內)
- internal
- Antonym: 외(外) (oe-)
- 내(內) (nae-) + 출혈(出血) (chulhyeol, “bleeding”) → 내출혈(內出血) (naechulhyeol, “internal bleeding”)
Etymology 7
First attested in the Dongguk sinsok samgang haengsildo (東國新續三綱行實圖 / 동국신속삼강행실도), 1617, as Early Modern Korean 내 (Yale: nay).
See 내 (-nae, “through, throughout”), the suffix form.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | nae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nae |
McCune–Reischauer? | nae |
Yale Romanization? | nāy |
Adverb
내 • (nae)
- through, throughout, all the time
Derived terms
- 내내 (naenae, reduplication)
Etymology 8
Pronoun
내 • (nae)
- Gyeongsang form of 나 (na, “I, me”)
- 내한테 도라 ― nae-hante dora ― give it to me
Etymology 9
Reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable
내 (nae)
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