까다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄢᆞ〮다〮 (Yale: pskó-tá).
The complex consonant cluster reflects syncope from earlier *posoko-, a compound stem with the first element being a contraction of a cognate to ᄇᆞᅀᆞ〮다〮 (Yale: pòzó-tá, “to break”), modern 부수다 (busuda, “to break”). Compare 꺼지다 (kkeojida, “to fall in”), 깨다 (kkaeda, “to break”), 끌 (kkeul, “chisel”), etc., all incorporating the same element (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 131).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈a̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [까다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkada |
| Yale Romanization? | kkata |
Verb
까다 • (kkada) (infinitive 까, sequential 까니) (transitive)
- to peel
- (of an animal) to hatch (eggs)
- (colloquial) to speak ill of somebody or something
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 까다 (kkada): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깐다 kkanda | 까 kka | 까요 kkayo | 깝니다 kkamnida |
| Past | 깠다 kkatda | 깠어 kkasseo | 깠어요 kkasseoyo | 깠습니다 kkatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까느냐 kkaneunya | 까 kka | 까요 kkayo | 깝니까 kkamnikka |
| Past | 깠느냐 kkanneunya | 깠어 kkasseo | 깠어요 kkasseoyo | 깠습니까 kkatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 까자 kkaja | 까 kka | 까요 kkayo | 깝시다 kkapsida | |
| Imperative | 까라 kkara | 까 kka | 까요 kkayo | 깝시오 kkapsio | |
| Assertive | 까겠다 kkagetda | 까겠어 kkagesseo | 까겠어요 kkagesseoyo | 까겠습니다 kkagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 까 kka | 까서 kkaseo | 까니 kkani | 까니까 kkanikka | |
| Contrast | 까지만 kkajiman | 까는데 kkaneunde | 까더니 kkadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 까고 kkago | ||||
| Condition | 까면 kkamyeon | 까야 kkaya | |||
| Motive | 까려고 kkaryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깜 kkam | 까기 kkagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깠음 kkasseum | 깠기 kkatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 깐 kkan | |||
| Present | 까는 kkaneun | ||||
| Future | 깔 kkal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 까신다 kkasinda | 까셔 kkasyeo | 까세요, 까셔요 kkaseyo, kkasyeoyo | 까십니다 kkasimnida |
| Past | 까셨다 kkasyeotda | 까셨어 kkasyeosseo | 까셨어요 kkasyeosseoyo | 까셨습니다 kkasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까시느냐 kkasineunya | 까셔 kkasyeo | 까세요, 까셔요 kkaseyo, kkasyeoyo | 까십니까 kkasimnikka |
| Past | 까셨느냐 kkasyeonneunya | 까셨어 kkasyeosseo | 까셨어요 kkasyeosseoyo | 까셨습니까 kkasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 까시라 kkasira | 까셔 kkasyeo | 까세요 kkaseyo | 까십시오 kkasipsio | |
| Assertive | 까시겠다 kkasigetda | 까시겠어 kkasigesseo | 까시겠어요 kkasigesseoyo | 까시겠습니다 kkasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 까셔 kkasyeo | 까셔서 kkasyeoseo | 까시니 kkasini | 까시니까 kkasinikka | |
| Contrast | 까시지만 kkasijiman | 까시는데 kkasineunde | 까시더니 kkasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 까시고 kkasigo | ||||
| Condition | 까시면 kkasimyeon | 까셔야 kkasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 까시려고 kkasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 까심 kkasim | 까시기 kkasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 까셨음 kkasyeosseum | 까셨기 kkasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 까신 kkasin | |||
| Present | 까시는 kkasineun | ||||
| Future | 까실 kkasil | ||||