길차다
Korean
Etymology
길 (gil-, “to be long”) + 차다 (chada, “to be full”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈki(ː)ʎt͡ɕʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [길(ː)차다]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, the great majority of speakers (in both Koreas) no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gilchada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gilchada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kilch'ada |
| Yale Romanization? | kīlchata |
Adjective
길차다 • (gilchada) (infinitive 길차, sequential 길차니)
- (dated) to be lush; to be long and thick (of plant growth)
- 길차게 뻗은 나뭇가지
- gilchage ppeodeun namutgaji
- long-growing tree branch
- 초목이 길차게 우거졌다.
- Chomog-i gilchage ugeojyeotda.
- The plants are profusely lush.
- 1812, “Song 273”, in 청구영언 장서각본/靑丘永言藏書閣本 [Jangseogak edition of the Cheonggu yeong'eon]:
- 내 집이 길ᄎᆞ도다 杜鵑이 나제 운다 / 萬壑千峯에 외사립ᄧᅡᆨ 다ᄃᆞᄂᆞᆫ듸 / 鷄犬이 ᄒᆡ올 일 업셔 지ᄂᆞᆫ ᄒᆡ에 즛더라
- nae jib-i gilchadoda dugyeon-i naj-e unda / manhakchyeonbong-e oesaripjjak dadaneundui / gyegyeon-i haeol il eopsyeo jineun hae-e jeutdeora
- The [forest around] my house is thick; the cuckoo calls at daytime. I have closed my lone gate of twigs to the myriad gorges and thousand peaks. The roosters and dogs, having nothing else to do, cry out to the setting sun.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 길차다 (gilchada): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 길차다 gilchada | 길차 gilcha | 길차요 gilchayo | 길찹니다 gilchamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 길찼다 gilchatda | 길찼어 gilchasseo | 길찼어요 gilchasseoyo | 길찼습니다 gilchatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 길차냐 gilchanya | 길차 gilcha | 길차요 gilchayo | 길찹니까 gilchamnikka |
| Past | 길찼냐 gilchannya | 길찼어 gilchasseo | 길찼어요 gilchasseoyo | 길찼습니까 gilchatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 길차겠다 gilchagetda | 길차겠어 gilchagesseo | 길차겠어요 gilchagesseoyo | 길차겠습니다 gilchagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 길차 gilcha | 길차서 gilchaseo | 길차니 gilchani | 길차니까 gilchanikka | |
| Contrast | 길차지만 gilchajiman | 길찬데 gilchande | 길차더니 gilchadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 길차고 gilchago | ||||
| Condition | 길차면 gilchamyeon | 길차야 gilchaya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 길참 gilcham | 길차기 gilchagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 길찼음 gilchasseum | 길찼기 gilchatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 길찬 gilchan | |||
| Future | 길찰 gilchal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 길차시다 gilchasida | 길차셔 gilchasyeo | 길차세요, 길차셔요 gilchaseyo, gilchasyeoyo | 길차십니다 gilchasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 길차셨다 gilchasyeotda | 길차셨어 gilchasyeosseo | 길차셨어요 gilchasyeosseoyo | 길차셨습니다 gilchasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 길차시냐 gilchasinya | 길차셔 gilchasyeo | 길차세요, 길차셔요 gilchaseyo, gilchasyeoyo | 길차십니까 gilchasimnikka |
| Past | 길차셨냐 gilchasyeonnya | 길차셨어 gilchasyeosseo | 길차셨어요 gilchasyeosseoyo | 길차셨습니까 gilchasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 길차시겠다 gilchasigetda | 길차시겠어 gilchasigesseo | 길차시겠어요 gilchasigesseoyo | 길차시겠습니다 gilchasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 길차셔 gilchasyeo | 길차셔서 gilchasyeoseo | 길차시니 gilchasini | 길차시니까 gilchasinikka | |
| Contrast | 길차시지만 gilchasijiman | 길차신데 gilchasinde | 길차시더니 gilchasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 길차시고 gilchasigo | ||||
| Condition | 길차시면 gilchasimyeon | 길차셔야 gilchasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 길차심 gilchasim | 길차시기 gilchasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 길차셨음 gilchasyeosseum | 길차셨기 gilchasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 길차신 gilchasin | |||
| Future | 길차실 gilchasil | ||||