긴장하다
Korean
Etymology
긴장(緊張) (ginjang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kiɲd͡ʑa̠ŋɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [긴장하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ginjanghada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ginjanghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kinjanghada |
| Yale Romanization? | kincanghata |
Verb
긴장하다 • (ginjanghada) (infinitive 긴장해 or 긴장하여, sequential 긴장하니)
- to be/become nervous, tense, strained
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 긴장하다 (ginjanghada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 긴장한다 ginjanghanda | 긴장해 ginjanghae | 긴장해요 ginjanghaeyo | 긴장합니다 ginjanghamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 긴장했다 ginjanghaetda | 긴장했어 ginjanghaesseo | 긴장했어요 ginjanghaesseoyo | 긴장했습니다 ginjanghaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 긴장하느냐 ginjanghaneunya | 긴장해 ginjanghae | 긴장해요 ginjanghaeyo | 긴장합니까 ginjanghamnikka |
| Past | 긴장했느냐 ginjanghaenneunya | 긴장했어 ginjanghaesseo | 긴장했어요 ginjanghaesseoyo | 긴장했습니까 ginjanghaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 긴장하자 ginjanghaja | 긴장해 ginjanghae | 긴장해요 ginjanghaeyo | 긴장합시다 ginjanghapsida | |
| Imperative | 긴장해라, 긴장하여라 ginjanghaera, ginjanghayeora | 긴장해 ginjanghae | 긴장해요 ginjanghaeyo | 긴장합시오 ginjanghapsio | |
| Assertive | 긴장하겠다 ginjanghagetda | 긴장하겠어 ginjanghagesseo | 긴장하겠어요 ginjanghagesseoyo | 긴장하겠습니다 ginjanghagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 긴장해 ginjanghae | 긴장해서, 긴장하여서 ginjanghaeseo, ginjanghayeoseo | 긴장하니 ginjanghani | 긴장하니까 ginjanghanikka | |
| Contrast | 긴장하지만 ginjanghajiman | 긴장하는데 ginjanghaneunde | 긴장하더니 ginjanghadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 긴장하고 ginjanghago | ||||
| Condition | 긴장하면 ginjanghamyeon | 긴장해야, 긴장하여야 ginjanghaeya, ginjanghayeoya | |||
| Motive | 긴장하려고 ginjangharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 긴장함 ginjangham | 긴장하기 ginjanghagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 긴장했음, 긴장하였음 ginjanghaesseum, ginjanghayeosseum | 긴장했기, 긴장하였기 ginjanghaetgi, ginjanghayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 긴장한 ginjanghan | |||
| Present | 긴장하는 ginjanghaneun | ||||
| Future | 긴장할 ginjanghal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 긴장하신다 ginjanghasinda | 긴장하셔 ginjanghasyeo | 긴장하세요, 긴장하셔요 ginjanghaseyo, ginjanghasyeoyo | 긴장하십니다 ginjanghasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 긴장하셨다 ginjanghasyeotda | 긴장하셨어 ginjanghasyeosseo | 긴장하셨어요 ginjanghasyeosseoyo | 긴장하셨습니다 ginjanghasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 긴장하시느냐 ginjanghasineunya | 긴장하셔 ginjanghasyeo | 긴장하세요, 긴장하셔요 ginjanghaseyo, ginjanghasyeoyo | 긴장하십니까 ginjanghasimnikka |
| Past | 긴장하셨느냐 ginjanghasyeonneunya | 긴장하셨어 ginjanghasyeosseo | 긴장하셨어요 ginjanghasyeosseoyo | 긴장하셨습니까 ginjanghasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 긴장하시라 ginjanghasira | 긴장하셔 ginjanghasyeo | 긴장하세요 ginjanghaseyo | 긴장하십시오 ginjanghasipsio | |
| Assertive | 긴장하시겠다 ginjanghasigetda | 긴장하시겠어 ginjanghasigesseo | 긴장하시겠어요 ginjanghasigesseoyo | 긴장하시겠습니다 ginjanghasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 긴장하셔 ginjanghasyeo | 긴장하셔서 ginjanghasyeoseo | 긴장하시니 ginjanghasini | 긴장하시니까 ginjanghasinikka | |
| Contrast | 긴장하시지만 ginjanghasijiman | 긴장하시는데 ginjanghasineunde | 긴장하시더니 ginjanghasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 긴장하시고 ginjanghasigo | ||||
| Condition | 긴장하시면 ginjanghasimyeon | 긴장하셔야 ginjanghasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 긴장하시려고 ginjanghasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 긴장하심 ginjanghasim | 긴장하시기 ginjanghasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 긴장하셨음 ginjanghasyeosseum | 긴장하셨기 ginjanghasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 긴장하신 ginjanghasin | |||
| Present | 긴장하시는 ginjanghasineun | ||||
| Future | 긴장하실 ginjanghasil | ||||