근무하다
Korean
Etymology
근무(勤務) (geunmu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkɯ(ː)nmuɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [근(ː)무하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geunmuhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geunmuhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŭnmuhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kūnmuhata |
Verb
근무하다 • (geunmuhada) (infinitive 근무해 or 근무하여, sequential 근무하니)
- (intransitive) to work (as a career for a person)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 근무하다 (geunmuhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 근무한다 geunmuhanda | 근무해 geunmuhae | 근무해요 geunmuhaeyo | 근무합니다 geunmuhamnida |
| Past | 근무했다 geunmuhaetda | 근무했어 geunmuhaesseo | 근무했어요 geunmuhaesseoyo | 근무했습니다 geunmuhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 근무하느냐 geunmuhaneunya | 근무해 geunmuhae | 근무해요 geunmuhaeyo | 근무합니까 geunmuhamnikka |
| Past | 근무했느냐 geunmuhaenneunya | 근무했어 geunmuhaesseo | 근무했어요 geunmuhaesseoyo | 근무했습니까 geunmuhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 근무하자 geunmuhaja | 근무해 geunmuhae | 근무해요 geunmuhaeyo | 근무합시다 geunmuhapsida | |
| Imperative | 근무해라, 근무하여라 geunmuhaera, geunmuhayeora | 근무해 geunmuhae | 근무해요 geunmuhaeyo | 근무합시오 geunmuhapsio | |
| Assertive | 근무하겠다 geunmuhagetda | 근무하겠어 geunmuhagesseo | 근무하겠어요 geunmuhagesseoyo | 근무하겠습니다 geunmuhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 근무해 geunmuhae | 근무해서, 근무하여서 geunmuhaeseo, geunmuhayeoseo | 근무하니 geunmuhani | 근무하니까 geunmuhanikka | |
| Contrast | 근무하지만 geunmuhajiman | 근무하는데 geunmuhaneunde | 근무하더니 geunmuhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 근무하고 geunmuhago | ||||
| Condition | 근무하면 geunmuhamyeon | 근무해야, 근무하여야 geunmuhaeya, geunmuhayeoya | |||
| Motive | 근무하려고 geunmuharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 근무함 geunmuham | 근무하기 geunmuhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 근무했음, 근무하였음 geunmuhaesseum, geunmuhayeosseum | 근무했기, 근무하였기 geunmuhaetgi, geunmuhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 근무한 geunmuhan | |||
| Present | 근무하는 geunmuhaneun | ||||
| Future | 근무할 geunmuhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 근무하신다 geunmuhasinda | 근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo | 근무하세요, 근무하셔요 geunmuhaseyo, geunmuhasyeoyo | 근무하십니다 geunmuhasimnida |
| Past | 근무하셨다 geunmuhasyeotda | 근무하셨어 geunmuhasyeosseo | 근무하셨어요 geunmuhasyeosseoyo | 근무하셨습니다 geunmuhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 근무하시느냐 geunmuhasineunya | 근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo | 근무하세요, 근무하셔요 geunmuhaseyo, geunmuhasyeoyo | 근무하십니까 geunmuhasimnikka |
| Past | 근무하셨느냐 geunmuhasyeonneunya | 근무하셨어 geunmuhasyeosseo | 근무하셨어요 geunmuhasyeosseoyo | 근무하셨습니까 geunmuhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 근무하시라 geunmuhasira | 근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo | 근무하세요 geunmuhaseyo | 근무하십시오 geunmuhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 근무하시겠다 geunmuhasigetda | 근무하시겠어 geunmuhasigesseo | 근무하시겠어요 geunmuhasigesseoyo | 근무하시겠습니다 geunmuhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo | 근무하셔서 geunmuhasyeoseo | 근무하시니 geunmuhasini | 근무하시니까 geunmuhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 근무하시지만 geunmuhasijiman | 근무하시는데 geunmuhasineunde | 근무하시더니 geunmuhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 근무하시고 geunmuhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 근무하시면 geunmuhasimyeon | 근무하셔야 geunmuhasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 근무하시려고 geunmuhasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 근무하심 geunmuhasim | 근무하시기 geunmuhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 근무하셨음 geunmuhasyeosseum | 근무하셨기 geunmuhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 근무하신 geunmuhasin | |||
| Present | 근무하시는 geunmuhasineun | ||||
| Future | 근무하실 geunmuhasil | ||||