굽신거리다
Korean
Etymology
굽신 (gupsin, ideophonic root) + 거리다 (-georida).
Altered from original 굽실거리다 (gupsilgeorida) due to folk etymology, which made it a compound of 굽 (gup-, “to be bent”) + 신(身) (sin, “body”, Sino-Korean morpheme). Included in the prescriptive South Korean standard in 2014.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kupɕ͈inɡʌ̹ɾida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [굽씬거리다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gupsingeorida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gubsingeolida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kupsin'gŏrida |
| Yale Romanization? | kwup.sinkelita |
Verb
굽신거리다 • (gupsingeorida) (infinitive 굽신거려 or 굽신거리어, sequential 굽신거리니) (intransitive)
- to bow repeatedly
- (figuratively, derogatory) to fawn, to grovel, to brown-nose
Alternative forms
- 굽실거리다 (gupsilgeorida) – traditional form
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 굽신거리다 (gupsingeorida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 굽신거린다 gupsingeorinda | 굽신거려 gupsingeoryeo | 굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsingeoryeoyo, gupsingeorieoyo | 굽신거립니다 gupsingeorimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 굽신거렸다 gupsingeoryeotda | 굽신거렸어 gupsingeoryeosseo | 굽신거렸어요 gupsingeoryeosseoyo | 굽신거렸습니다 gupsingeoryeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 굽신거리느냐 gupsingeorineunya | 굽신거려 gupsingeoryeo | 굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsingeoryeoyo, gupsingeorieoyo | 굽신거립니까 gupsingeorimnikka |
| Past | 굽신거렸느냐 gupsingeoryeonneunya | 굽신거렸어 gupsingeoryeosseo | 굽신거렸어요 gupsingeoryeosseoyo | 굽신거렸습니까 gupsingeoryeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 굽신거리자 gupsingeorija | 굽신거려 gupsingeoryeo | 굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsingeoryeoyo, gupsingeorieoyo | 굽신거립시다 gupsingeoripsida | |
| Imperative | 굽신거려라, 굽신거리어라 gupsingeoryeora, gupsingeorieora | 굽신거려 gupsingeoryeo | 굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsingeoryeoyo, gupsingeorieoyo | 굽신거립시오 gupsingeoripsio | |
| Assertive | 굽신거리겠다 gupsingeorigetda | 굽신거리겠어 gupsingeorigesseo | 굽신거리겠어요 gupsingeorigesseoyo | 굽신거리겠습니다 gupsingeorigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 굽신거려 gupsingeoryeo | 굽신거려서, 굽신거리어서 gupsingeoryeoseo, gupsingeorieoseo | 굽신거리니 gupsingeorini | 굽신거리니까 gupsingeorinikka | |
| Contrast | 굽신거리지만 gupsingeorijiman | 굽신거리는데 gupsingeorineunde | 굽신거리더니 gupsingeorideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 굽신거리고 gupsingeorigo | ||||
| Condition | 굽신거리면 gupsingeorimyeon | 굽신거려야, 굽신거리어야 gupsingeoryeoya, gupsingeorieoya | |||
| Motive | 굽신거리려고 gupsingeoriryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 굽신거림 gupsingeorim | 굽신거리기 gupsingeorigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 굽신거렸음, 굽신거리었음 gupsingeoryeosseum, gupsingeorieosseum | 굽신거렸기, 굽신거리었기 gupsingeoryeotgi, gupsingeorieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 굽신거린 gupsingeorin | |||
| Present | 굽신거리는 gupsingeorineun | ||||
| Future | 굽신거릴 gupsingeoril | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 굽신거리신다 gupsingeorisinda | 굽신거리셔 gupsingeorisyeo | 굽신거리세요, 굽신거리셔요 gupsingeoriseyo, gupsingeorisyeoyo | 굽신거리십니다 gupsingeorisimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 굽신거리셨다 gupsingeorisyeotda | 굽신거리셨어 gupsingeorisyeosseo | 굽신거리셨어요 gupsingeorisyeosseoyo | 굽신거리셨습니다 gupsingeorisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 굽신거리시느냐 gupsingeorisineunya | 굽신거리셔 gupsingeorisyeo | 굽신거리세요, 굽신거리셔요 gupsingeoriseyo, gupsingeorisyeoyo | 굽신거리십니까 gupsingeorisimnikka |
| Past | 굽신거리셨느냐 gupsingeorisyeonneunya | 굽신거리셨어 gupsingeorisyeosseo | 굽신거리셨어요 gupsingeorisyeosseoyo | 굽신거리셨습니까 gupsingeorisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 굽신거리시라 gupsingeorisira | 굽신거리셔 gupsingeorisyeo | 굽신거리세요 gupsingeoriseyo | 굽신거리십시오 gupsingeorisipsio | |
| Assertive | 굽신거리시겠다 gupsingeorisigetda | 굽신거리시겠어 gupsingeorisigesseo | 굽신거리시겠어요 gupsingeorisigesseoyo | 굽신거리시겠습니다 gupsingeorisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 굽신거리셔 gupsingeorisyeo | 굽신거리셔서 gupsingeorisyeoseo | 굽신거리시니 gupsingeorisini | 굽신거리시니까 gupsingeorisinikka | |
| Contrast | 굽신거리시지만 gupsingeorisijiman | 굽신거리시는데 gupsingeorisineunde | 굽신거리시더니 gupsingeorisideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 굽신거리시고 gupsingeorisigo | ||||
| Condition | 굽신거리시면 gupsingeorisimyeon | 굽신거리셔야 gupsingeorisyeoya | |||
| Motive | 굽신거리시려고 gupsingeorisiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 굽신거리심 gupsingeorisim | 굽신거리시기 gupsingeorisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 굽신거리셨음 gupsingeorisyeosseum | 굽신거리셨기 gupsingeorisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 굽신거리신 gupsingeorisin | |||
| Present | 굽신거리시는 gupsingeorisineun | ||||
| Future | 굽신거리실 gupsingeorisil | ||||