굼적

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆷᄌᆞᆨ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kumd͡ʑʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangeul: [굼적]

Revised Romanization^?	gumjeok
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	gumjeog
McCune–Reischauer^?	kumjŏk
Yale Romanization^?	kwumcek

Ideophone

굼적 • (gumjeok)

(of heavy things) with a slow and slight movement (chiefly in negative constructions, to emphasize that the subject does not move at all)
돌을 밀어도 굼적도 안 한다.
Doreul mireodo gumjeokdo an handa.
The stone doesn't move at all even when we push it.

Related terms

Sound-symbolic terms related to 감다 (gamda, “to close one's eyes”)
Yang-vowel form				Yin-vowel form
Middle Korean: ᄀᆞᆷᄌᆞᆨ (Yale: komcok)				Middle Korean: 금즉 (Yale: kumcuk)
깜작 (kkamjak) 깜작깜작 (kkamjakkkamjak)		깜짝 (kkamjjak) 깜짝깜짝 (kkamjjakkkamjjak)		끔적 (kkeumjeok) 끔적끔적 (kkeumjeokkkeumjeok)		끔쩍 (kkeumjjeok) 끔쩍끔쩍 (kkeumjjeokkkeumjjeok)
깜박 (kkambak) 깜박깜박 (kkambakkkambak)		깜빡 (kkamppak) 깜빡깜빡 (kkamppakkkamppak)		껌벅 (kkeombeok) 껌벅껌벅 (kkeombeokkkeombeok)		껌뻑 (kkeomppeok) 껌뻑껌뻑 (kkeomppeokkkeomppeok)
				끔벅 (kkeumbeok) 끔벅끔벅 (kkeumbeokkkeumbeok)		끔뻑 (kkeumppeok) 끔뻑끔뻑 (kkeumppeokkkeumppeok)
깜찍하다 (kkamjjikhada)				끔찍하다 (kkeumjjikhada) 끔찍끔찍하다 (kkeumjjikkkeumjjikhada)
곰작 (gomjak) 곰작곰작 (gomjakgomjak)	꼼작 (kkomjak) 꼼작꼼작 (kkomjakkkomjak)		꼼짝 (kkomjjak) 꼼짝꼼짝 (kkomjjakkkomjjak)	굼적 (gumjeok) 굼적굼적 (gumjeokgumjeok)	꿈적 (kkumjeok) 꿈적꿈적 (kkumjeokkkumjeok)		꿈쩍 (kkumjjeok) 꿈쩍꿈쩍 (kkumjjeokkkumjjeok)

Usage notes

굼적 (gumjeok) is the yin vowel, or dark vowel, form of 곰작 (gomjak).

In contemporary Korean, the yin vowels refer to /ʌ/, /e/, /u/, and often /i/. In Korean ideophones and sensory words, forms with these vowels have a connotation of darkness, largeness, murkiness, bluntness, old age, or negativeness.