겨루다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 겨루다 (kyelwuta).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[kjʌ̹ɾuda̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[겨루다]
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Verb
겨루다 • (gyeoruda) (infinitive 겨루어 or 겨뤄, sequential 겨루니)
- (transitive or intransitive) to compete (with), to pit (one's skills against)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 겨루다 (gyeoruda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 겨루 (gyeoru) |
| Stem 2 | 겨루어 (gyeorueo) |
| Stem 2a | 겨뤄 (gyeorwo) |
| Stem 3 | 겨루 (gyeoru) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 겨룬다 gyeorunda | 겨루어 gyeorueo | 겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo | 겨룹니다 gyeorumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 겨루었다 gyeorueotda | 겨루었어 gyeorueosseo | 겨루었어요 gyeorueosseoyo | 겨루었습니다 gyeorueotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 겨루느냐 gyeoruneunya | 겨루어 gyeorueo | 겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo | 겨룹니까 gyeorumnikka |
| Past | 겨루었느냐 gyeorueonneunya | 겨루었어 gyeorueosseo | 겨루었어요 gyeorueosseoyo | 겨루었습니까 gyeorueotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 겨루자 gyeoruja | 겨루어 gyeorueo | 겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo | 겨룹시다 gyeorupsida | |
| Imperative | 겨루어라, 겨뤄라 gyeorueora, gyeorwora | 겨루어 gyeorueo | 겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo | 겨룹시오 gyeorupsio | |
| Assertive | 겨루겠다 gyeorugetda | 겨루겠어 gyeorugesseo | 겨루겠어요 gyeorugesseoyo | 겨루겠습니다 gyeorugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 겨루어 gyeorueo | 겨루어서, 겨뤄서 gyeorueoseo, gyeorwoseo | 겨루니 gyeoruni | 겨루니까 gyeorunikka | |
| Contrast | 겨루지만 gyeorujiman | 겨루는데 gyeoruneunde | 겨루더니 gyeorudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 겨루고 gyeorugo | ||||
| Condition | 겨루면 gyeorumyeon | 겨루어야, 겨뤄야 gyeorueoya, gyeorwoya | |||
| Motive | 겨루려고 gyeoruryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 겨룸 gyeorum | 겨루기 gyeorugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 겨루었음, 겨뤘음 gyeorueosseum, gyeorwosseum | 겨루었기, 겨뤘기 gyeorueotgi, gyeorwotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 겨룬 gyeorun | |||
| Present | 겨루는 gyeoruneun | ||||
| Future | 겨룰 gyeorul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 겨루신다 gyeorusinda | 겨루셔 gyeorusyeo | 겨루세요, 겨루셔요 gyeoruseyo, gyeorusyeoyo | 겨루십니다 gyeorusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 겨루셨다 gyeorusyeotda | 겨루셨어 gyeorusyeosseo | 겨루셨어요 gyeorusyeosseoyo | 겨루셨습니다 gyeorusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 겨루시느냐 gyeorusineunya | 겨루셔 gyeorusyeo | 겨루세요, 겨루셔요 gyeoruseyo, gyeorusyeoyo | 겨루십니까 gyeorusimnikka |
| Past | 겨루셨느냐 gyeorusyeonneunya | 겨루셨어 gyeorusyeosseo | 겨루셨어요 gyeorusyeosseoyo | 겨루셨습니까 gyeorusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 겨루시라 gyeorusira | 겨루셔 gyeorusyeo | 겨루세요 gyeoruseyo | 겨루십시오 gyeorusipsio | |
| Assertive | 겨루시겠다 gyeorusigetda | 겨루시겠어 gyeorusigesseo | 겨루시겠어요 gyeorusigesseoyo | 겨루시겠습니다 gyeorusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 겨루셔 gyeorusyeo | 겨루셔서 gyeorusyeoseo | 겨루시니 gyeorusini | 겨루시니까 gyeorusinikka | |
| Contrast | 겨루시지만 gyeorusijiman | 겨루시는데 gyeorusineunde | 겨루시더니 gyeorusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 겨루시고 gyeorusigo | ||||
| Condition | 겨루시면 gyeorusimyeon | 겨루셔야 gyeorusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 겨루시려고 gyeorusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 겨루심 gyeorusim | 겨루시기 gyeorusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 겨루셨음 gyeorusyeosseum | 겨루셨기 gyeorusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 겨루신 gyeorusin | |||
| Present | 겨루시는 gyeorusineun | ||||
| Future | 겨루실 gyeorusil | ||||
Derived terms
- (noun) 겨룸 (gyeorum), 겨루기 (gyeorugi)