건조하다
Korean
Etymology 1
건조(乾燥) (geonjo) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives/active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʌ̹ɲd͡ʑo̞ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [건조하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geonjohada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geonjohada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŏnjohada |
| Yale Romanization? | ken.cohata |
Adjective
건조하다 • (geonjohada) (infinitive 건조해 or 건조하여, sequential 건조하니, hanja 乾燥하다)
- to be dry
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 건조하다 (geonjohada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 건조하다 geonjohada | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합니다 geonjohamnida |
| Past | 건조했다 geonjohaetda | 건조했어 geonjohaesseo | 건조했어요 geonjohaesseoyo | 건조했습니다 geonjohaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 건조하냐 geonjohanya | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합니까 geonjohamnikka |
| Past | 건조했냐 geonjohaennya | 건조했어 geonjohaesseo | 건조했어요 geonjohaesseoyo | 건조했습니까 geonjohaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 건조하겠다 geonjohagetda | 건조하겠어 geonjohagesseo | 건조하겠어요 geonjohagesseoyo | 건조하겠습니다 geonjohagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해서, 건조하여서 geonjohaeseo, geonjohayeoseo | 건조하니 geonjohani | 건조하니까 geonjohanikka | |
| Contrast | 건조하지만 geonjohajiman | 건조한데 geonjohande | 건조하더니 geonjohadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 건조하고 geonjohago | ||||
| Condition | 건조하면 geonjohamyeon | 건조해야, 건조하여야 geonjohaeya, geonjohayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 건조함 geonjoham | 건조하기 geonjohagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 건조했음, 건조하였음 geonjohaesseum, geonjohayeosseum | 건조했기, 건조하였기 geonjohaetgi, geonjohayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 건조한 geonjohan | |||
| Future | 건조할 geonjohal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 건조하시다 geonjohasida | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요, 건조하셔요 geonjohaseyo, geonjohasyeoyo | 건조하십니다 geonjohasimnida |
| Past | 건조하셨다 geonjohasyeotda | 건조하셨어 geonjohasyeosseo | 건조하셨어요 geonjohasyeosseoyo | 건조하셨습니다 geonjohasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 건조하시냐 geonjohasinya | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요, 건조하셔요 geonjohaseyo, geonjohasyeoyo | 건조하십니까 geonjohasimnikka |
| Past | 건조하셨냐 geonjohasyeonnya | 건조하셨어 geonjohasyeosseo | 건조하셨어요 geonjohasyeosseoyo | 건조하셨습니까 geonjohasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 건조하시겠다 geonjohasigetda | 건조하시겠어 geonjohasigesseo | 건조하시겠어요 geonjohasigesseoyo | 건조하시겠습니다 geonjohasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하셔서 geonjohasyeoseo | 건조하시니 geonjohasini | 건조하시니까 geonjohasinikka | |
| Contrast | 건조하시지만 geonjohasijiman | 건조하신데 geonjohasinde | 건조하시더니 geonjohasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 건조하시고 geonjohasigo | ||||
| Condition | 건조하시면 geonjohasimyeon | 건조하셔야 geonjohasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 건조하심 geonjohasim | 건조하시기 geonjohasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 건조하셨음 geonjohasyeosseum | 건조하셨기 geonjohasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 건조하신 geonjohasin | |||
| Future | 건조하실 geonjohasil | ||||
Verb
건조하다 • (geonjohada) (infinitive 건조해 or 건조하여, sequential 건조하니, hanja 乾燥하다)
- (transitive) to dry, to dehydrate, to season (wood, etc.)
- Synonym: 말리다 (mallida)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 건조하다 (geonjohada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 건조한다 geonjohanda | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합니다 geonjohamnida |
| Past | 건조했다 geonjohaetda | 건조했어 geonjohaesseo | 건조했어요 geonjohaesseoyo | 건조했습니다 geonjohaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 건조하느냐 geonjohaneunya | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합니까 geonjohamnikka |
| Past | 건조했느냐 geonjohaenneunya | 건조했어 geonjohaesseo | 건조했어요 geonjohaesseoyo | 건조했습니까 geonjohaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 건조하자 geonjohaja | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합시다 geonjohapsida | |
| Imperative | 건조해라, 건조하여라 geonjohaera, geonjohayeora | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합시오 geonjohapsio | |
| Assertive | 건조하겠다 geonjohagetda | 건조하겠어 geonjohagesseo | 건조하겠어요 geonjohagesseoyo | 건조하겠습니다 geonjohagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해서, 건조하여서 geonjohaeseo, geonjohayeoseo | 건조하니 geonjohani | 건조하니까 geonjohanikka | |
| Contrast | 건조하지만 geonjohajiman | 건조하는데 geonjohaneunde | 건조하더니 geonjohadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 건조하고 geonjohago | ||||
| Condition | 건조하면 geonjohamyeon | 건조해야, 건조하여야 geonjohaeya, geonjohayeoya | |||
| Motive | 건조하려고 geonjoharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 건조함 geonjoham | 건조하기 geonjohagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 건조했음, 건조하였음 geonjohaesseum, geonjohayeosseum | 건조했기, 건조하였기 geonjohaetgi, geonjohayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 건조한 geonjohan | |||
| Present | 건조하는 geonjohaneun | ||||
| Future | 건조할 geonjohal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 건조하신다 geonjohasinda | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요, 건조하셔요 geonjohaseyo, geonjohasyeoyo | 건조하십니다 geonjohasimnida |
| Past | 건조하셨다 geonjohasyeotda | 건조하셨어 geonjohasyeosseo | 건조하셨어요 geonjohasyeosseoyo | 건조하셨습니다 geonjohasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 건조하시느냐 geonjohasineunya | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요, 건조하셔요 geonjohaseyo, geonjohasyeoyo | 건조하십니까 geonjohasimnikka |
| Past | 건조하셨느냐 geonjohasyeonneunya | 건조하셨어 geonjohasyeosseo | 건조하셨어요 geonjohasyeosseoyo | 건조하셨습니까 geonjohasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 건조하시라 geonjohasira | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요 geonjohaseyo | 건조하십시오 geonjohasipsio | |
| Assertive | 건조하시겠다 geonjohasigetda | 건조하시겠어 geonjohasigesseo | 건조하시겠어요 geonjohasigesseoyo | 건조하시겠습니다 geonjohasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하셔서 geonjohasyeoseo | 건조하시니 geonjohasini | 건조하시니까 geonjohasinikka | |
| Contrast | 건조하시지만 geonjohasijiman | 건조하시는데 geonjohasineunde | 건조하시더니 geonjohasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 건조하시고 geonjohasigo | ||||
| Condition | 건조하시면 geonjohasimyeon | 건조하셔야 geonjohasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 건조하시려고 geonjohasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 건조하심 geonjohasim | 건조하시기 geonjohasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 건조하셨음 geonjohasyeosseum | 건조하셨기 geonjohasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 건조하신 geonjohasin | |||
| Present | 건조하시는 geonjohasineun | ||||
| Future | 건조하실 geonjohasil | ||||
Etymology 2
건조(建造) (geonjo) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑo̞ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [건(ː)조하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geonjohada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geonjohada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŏnjohada |
| Yale Romanization? | kēn.cohata |
Verb
건조하다 • (geonjohada) (infinitive 건조해 or 건조하여, sequential 건조하니, hanja 建造하다)
- (transitive) to build, to construct (a ship, building, etc.)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 건조하다 (geonjohada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 건조한다 geonjohanda | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합니다 geonjohamnida |
| Past | 건조했다 geonjohaetda | 건조했어 geonjohaesseo | 건조했어요 geonjohaesseoyo | 건조했습니다 geonjohaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 건조하느냐 geonjohaneunya | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합니까 geonjohamnikka |
| Past | 건조했느냐 geonjohaenneunya | 건조했어 geonjohaesseo | 건조했어요 geonjohaesseoyo | 건조했습니까 geonjohaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 건조하자 geonjohaja | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합시다 geonjohapsida | |
| Imperative | 건조해라, 건조하여라 geonjohaera, geonjohayeora | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해요 geonjohaeyo | 건조합시오 geonjohapsio | |
| Assertive | 건조하겠다 geonjohagetda | 건조하겠어 geonjohagesseo | 건조하겠어요 geonjohagesseoyo | 건조하겠습니다 geonjohagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 건조해 geonjohae | 건조해서, 건조하여서 geonjohaeseo, geonjohayeoseo | 건조하니 geonjohani | 건조하니까 geonjohanikka | |
| Contrast | 건조하지만 geonjohajiman | 건조하는데 geonjohaneunde | 건조하더니 geonjohadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 건조하고 geonjohago | ||||
| Condition | 건조하면 geonjohamyeon | 건조해야, 건조하여야 geonjohaeya, geonjohayeoya | |||
| Motive | 건조하려고 geonjoharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 건조함 geonjoham | 건조하기 geonjohagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 건조했음, 건조하였음 geonjohaesseum, geonjohayeosseum | 건조했기, 건조하였기 geonjohaetgi, geonjohayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 건조한 geonjohan | |||
| Present | 건조하는 geonjohaneun | ||||
| Future | 건조할 geonjohal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 건조하신다 geonjohasinda | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요, 건조하셔요 geonjohaseyo, geonjohasyeoyo | 건조하십니다 geonjohasimnida |
| Past | 건조하셨다 geonjohasyeotda | 건조하셨어 geonjohasyeosseo | 건조하셨어요 geonjohasyeosseoyo | 건조하셨습니다 geonjohasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 건조하시느냐 geonjohasineunya | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요, 건조하셔요 geonjohaseyo, geonjohasyeoyo | 건조하십니까 geonjohasimnikka |
| Past | 건조하셨느냐 geonjohasyeonneunya | 건조하셨어 geonjohasyeosseo | 건조하셨어요 geonjohasyeosseoyo | 건조하셨습니까 geonjohasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 건조하시라 geonjohasira | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하세요 geonjohaseyo | 건조하십시오 geonjohasipsio | |
| Assertive | 건조하시겠다 geonjohasigetda | 건조하시겠어 geonjohasigesseo | 건조하시겠어요 geonjohasigesseoyo | 건조하시겠습니다 geonjohasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 건조하셔 geonjohasyeo | 건조하셔서 geonjohasyeoseo | 건조하시니 geonjohasini | 건조하시니까 geonjohasinikka | |
| Contrast | 건조하시지만 geonjohasijiman | 건조하시는데 geonjohasineunde | 건조하시더니 geonjohasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 건조하시고 geonjohasigo | ||||
| Condition | 건조하시면 geonjohasimyeon | 건조하셔야 geonjohasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 건조하시려고 geonjohasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 건조하심 geonjohasim | 건조하시기 geonjohasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 건조하셨음 geonjohasyeosseum | 건조하셨기 geonjohasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 건조하신 geonjohasin | |||
| Present | 건조하시는 geonjohasineun | ||||
| Future | 건조하실 geonjohasil | ||||