개화하다
Korean
Etymology
From 개화(開化) (gaehwa, “enlightenment, civilisation”) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɛβwa̠ɦa̠da̠] ~ [ke̞βwa̠ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [개화하다/게화하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gaehwahada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gaehwahada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kaehwahada |
| Yale Romanization? | kayhwahata |
Verb
개화하다 • (gaehwahada) (infinitive 개화해 or 개화하여, sequential 개화하니)
- (transitive) to civilise, enlighten
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 개화하다 (gaehwahada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 개화한다 gaehwahanda | 개화해 gaehwahae | 개화해요 gaehwahaeyo | 개화합니다 gaehwahamnida |
| Past | 개화했다 gaehwahaetda | 개화했어 gaehwahaesseo | 개화했어요 gaehwahaesseoyo | 개화했습니다 gaehwahaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 개화하느냐 gaehwahaneunya | 개화해 gaehwahae | 개화해요 gaehwahaeyo | 개화합니까 gaehwahamnikka |
| Past | 개화했느냐 gaehwahaenneunya | 개화했어 gaehwahaesseo | 개화했어요 gaehwahaesseoyo | 개화했습니까 gaehwahaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 개화하자 gaehwahaja | 개화해 gaehwahae | 개화해요 gaehwahaeyo | 개화합시다 gaehwahapsida | |
| Imperative | 개화해라, 개화하여라 gaehwahaera, gaehwahayeora | 개화해 gaehwahae | 개화해요 gaehwahaeyo | 개화합시오 gaehwahapsio | |
| Assertive | 개화하겠다 gaehwahagetda | 개화하겠어 gaehwahagesseo | 개화하겠어요 gaehwahagesseoyo | 개화하겠습니다 gaehwahagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 개화해 gaehwahae | 개화해서, 개화하여서 gaehwahaeseo, gaehwahayeoseo | 개화하니 gaehwahani | 개화하니까 gaehwahanikka | |
| Contrast | 개화하지만 gaehwahajiman | 개화하는데 gaehwahaneunde | 개화하더니 gaehwahadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 개화하고 gaehwahago | ||||
| Condition | 개화하면 gaehwahamyeon | 개화해야, 개화하여야 gaehwahaeya, gaehwahayeoya | |||
| Motive | 개화하려고 gaehwaharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 개화함 gaehwaham | 개화하기 gaehwahagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 개화했음, 개화하였음 gaehwahaesseum, gaehwahayeosseum | 개화했기, 개화하였기 gaehwahaetgi, gaehwahayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 개화한 gaehwahan | |||
| Present | 개화하는 gaehwahaneun | ||||
| Future | 개화할 gaehwahal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 개화하신다 gaehwahasinda | 개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo | 개화하세요, 개화하셔요 gaehwahaseyo, gaehwahasyeoyo | 개화하십니다 gaehwahasimnida |
| Past | 개화하셨다 gaehwahasyeotda | 개화하셨어 gaehwahasyeosseo | 개화하셨어요 gaehwahasyeosseoyo | 개화하셨습니다 gaehwahasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 개화하시느냐 gaehwahasineunya | 개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo | 개화하세요, 개화하셔요 gaehwahaseyo, gaehwahasyeoyo | 개화하십니까 gaehwahasimnikka |
| Past | 개화하셨느냐 gaehwahasyeonneunya | 개화하셨어 gaehwahasyeosseo | 개화하셨어요 gaehwahasyeosseoyo | 개화하셨습니까 gaehwahasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 개화하시라 gaehwahasira | 개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo | 개화하세요 gaehwahaseyo | 개화하십시오 gaehwahasipsio | |
| Assertive | 개화하시겠다 gaehwahasigetda | 개화하시겠어 gaehwahasigesseo | 개화하시겠어요 gaehwahasigesseoyo | 개화하시겠습니다 gaehwahasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo | 개화하셔서 gaehwahasyeoseo | 개화하시니 gaehwahasini | 개화하시니까 gaehwahasinikka | |
| Contrast | 개화하시지만 gaehwahasijiman | 개화하시는데 gaehwahasineunde | 개화하시더니 gaehwahasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 개화하시고 gaehwahasigo | ||||
| Condition | 개화하시면 gaehwahasimyeon | 개화하셔야 gaehwahasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 개화하시려고 gaehwahasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 개화하심 gaehwahasim | 개화하시기 gaehwahasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 개화하셨음 gaehwahasyeosseum | 개화하셨기 gaehwahasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 개화하신 gaehwahasin | |||
| Present | 개화하시는 gaehwahasineun | ||||
| Future | 개화하실 gaehwahasil | ||||
See also
- 개화(開化)되다 (gaehwadoeda, “to be enlightened, civilized”)