개
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개객갞갟갠갡갢 갣갤갥갦갧갨갩 갪갫갬갭갮갯갰 갱갲갳갴갵갶갷 | |
가 ← | → 갸 |
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Korean
Etymology 1
First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 家稀.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 가히〮 (Yale: kàhí), and subsequently recorded as 개〯 (Yale: kǎy) in the 16th century, after the h had dropped.[1]
The prefix derives from the noun. Compare English bitch.
![](Images/wiktionary/YellowLabradorLooking_new.jpg.webp)
A dog
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɛ(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [개(ː)/게(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | gae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gae |
McCune–Reischauer? | kae |
Yale Romanization? | kāy |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 개의 / 개에 / 개까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.
Noun
개 • (gae) (counter 마리)
- dog
- (figuratively, derogatory) someone behaves badly
- 걔는 술 취하면 개가 돼. (colloquial)
- gyae-neun sul chwiha-myeon gae-ga dwae.
- He becomes a total wreck when he's drunk [e.g. throwing up, rambling annoyingly, etc.]
- (figuratively) someone who does the bidding of another
Usage notes
- Some younger speakers prefer 강아지 (gang'aji, “puppy”) to refer to dogs of any age, to avoid the vulgar connotations of the prefix.
Derived terms
- 개고기 (gaegogi)
- 개구멍 (gaegumeong)
- 개돼지 (gaedwaeji)
- 개똥 (gaettong)
- 개밥 (gaebap)
- 개밥바라기 (gaebapbaragi)
- 개새끼 (gaesaekki)
- 개소리 (gaesori)
- 개싸움 (gaessaum)
- 개자식 (gaejasik)
- 개장(醬) (gaejang)
- 개집 (gaejip)
- 개코 (gaeko)
- 개털 (gaeteol)
- 갯과(科) (gaetgwa)
- 들개 (deulgae)
- 똥개 (ttonggae)
- 물개 (mulgae)
- 사냥개 (sanyanggae)
- 수캐 (sukae)
- 암캐 (amkae)
Related terms
- 강아지 (gang'aji)
See also
- 犬 (gyeon), the hanja for "dog"
Prefix
개— • (gae-)
- (vulgar, slang) fucking (as an intensifier)
- 진짜 개좋다.
- jinjja gaeJota.
- It's fucking good.
- 진짜 개쩐다!
- jinjja gaeJjeonda!
- It's fucking amazing!
- wild; worthless; of inferior quality
Usage notes
The prefix traditionally has a disparaging meaning only, but in modern slang it is used as a general vulgar intensifier regardless of the semantics involved.
Derived terms
- 개고생 (—苦生, gaegosaeng)
- 개꼴 (gaekkol)
- 개꽃 (gaekkot)
- 개꿀 (gaekkul)
- 개꿈 (gaekkum)
- 개나리 (gaenari)
- 개년 (gaenyeon)
- 개놈 (gaenom)
- 개떡 (gaetteok)
- 개망신 (—亡身, gaemangsin)
- 개방정 (gaebangjeong)
- 개살구 (gaesalgu)
- 개수작 (—酬酌, gaesujak)
- 개이득 (—利得, gaeideuk)
- 개죽음 (gaejugeum)
- 개지랄 (gaejiral)
- 개판 (gaepan)
Etymology 2
First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 개〮 (Yale: káy).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɛ] ~ [ke̞]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [개/게]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | gae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gae |
McCune–Reischauer? | kae |
Yale Romanization? | kay |
Noun
개 • (gae)
- inlet; estuary
Derived terms
- 개흙 (gaeheuk)
- 갯가 (gaetga)
- 갯벌 (gaetbeol)
- 갯첨서 (gaetcheomseo)
See also
- 浦 (po), the hanja for estuary
Etymology 3
Sino-Korean word from 個 (個).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɛ] ~ [ke̞]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [개/게]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | gae |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gae |
McCune–Reischauer? | kae |
Yale Romanization? | kay |
Counter
개 • (gae) (hanja 個/箇/介)
- general counter for objects: item, piece, article
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 個 (個) for Sino-Korean compounds of 개 (個, gae).
Etymology 4
See the main entries.
Verb
개 • (gae)
- An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to clear”)
- An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to fold”)
- An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to knead”)
Etymology 5
Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable
개 (gae)
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References
- Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 163–164
Middle Korean
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /káj/
Noun
개〮 (káy) (locative 개〮예〮 (káy-yéy))
- inlet; estuary
Descendants
- Korean: 개 (gae)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kǎj/
Noun
개〯 (kǎy) (locative 개〯예〮 (kǎy-yéy))
- Alternative form of 가히〮 (kàhí, “dog”)
Descendants
- Korean: 개 (gae)