갉다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Gugeopganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆰ다 (kolkta). Ablaut form: 긁다 (geukda).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[ka̠k̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[각따]
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Verb
갉다 • (gakda) (infinitive 갉아, sequential 갉으니)
- (transitive) to gnaw (at); to nibble (at)
- (transitive) to rake together
- (transitive, figuratively) to extort; to squeeze; to exploit
- (transitive, figuratively) to find fault (with)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 갉다 (gakda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 갉 (gak) |
| Stem 2 | 갉아 (galga) |
| Stem 3 | 갉으 (galgeu) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 갉는다 gangneunda | 갉아 galga | 갉아요 galgayo | 갉습니다 gakseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 갉았다 galgatda | 갉았어 galgasseo | 갉았어요 galgasseoyo | 갉았습니다 galgatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 갉느냐 gangneunya | 갉아 galga | 갉아요 galgayo | 갉습니까 gakseumnikka |
| Past | 갉았느냐 galganneunya | 갉았어 galgasseo | 갉았어요 galgasseoyo | 갉았습니까 galgatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 갉자 gakja | 갉아 galga | 갉아요 galgayo | 갉읍시다 galgeupsida | |
| Imperative | 갉아라 galgara | 갉아 galga | 갉아요 galgayo | 갉읍시오 galgeupsio | |
| Assertive | 갉겠다 galgetda | 갉겠어 galgesseo | 갉겠어요 galgesseoyo | 갉겠습니다 galgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 갉아 galga | 갉아서 galgaseo | 갉으니 galgeuni | 갉으니까 galgeunikka | |
| Contrast | 갉지만 gakjiman | 갉는데 gangneunde | 갉더니 gakdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 갉고 galgo | ||||
| Condition | 갉으면 galgeumyeon | 갉아야 galgaya | |||
| Motive | 갉으려고 galgeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 갉음 galgeum | 갉기 galgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 갉았음 galgasseum | 갉았기 galgatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 갉은 galgeun | |||
| Present | 갉는 gangneun | ||||
| Future | 갉을 galgeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 갉으신다 galgeusinda | 갉으셔 galgeusyeo | 갉으세요, 갉으셔요 galgeuseyo, galgeusyeoyo | 갉으십니다 galgeusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 갉으셨다 galgeusyeotda | 갉으셨어 galgeusyeosseo | 갉으셨어요 galgeusyeosseoyo | 갉으셨습니다 galgeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 갉으시느냐 galgeusineunya | 갉으셔 galgeusyeo | 갉으세요, 갉으셔요 galgeuseyo, galgeusyeoyo | 갉으십니까 galgeusimnikka |
| Past | 갉으셨느냐 galgeusyeonneunya | 갉으셨어 galgeusyeosseo | 갉으셨어요 galgeusyeosseoyo | 갉으셨습니까 galgeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 갉으시라 galgeusira | 갉으셔 galgeusyeo | 갉으세요 galgeuseyo | 갉으십시오 galgeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 갉으시겠다 galgeusigetda | 갉으시겠어 galgeusigesseo | 갉으시겠어요 galgeusigesseoyo | 갉으시겠습니다 galgeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 갉으셔 galgeusyeo | 갉으셔서 galgeusyeoseo | 갉으시니 galgeusini | 갉으시니까 galgeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 갉으시지만 galgeusijiman | 갉으시는데 galgeusineunde | 갉으시더니 galgeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 갉으시고 galgeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 갉으시면 galgeusimyeon | 갉으셔야 galgeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 갉으시려고 galgeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 갉으심 galgeusim | 갉으시기 galgeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 갉으셨음 galgeusyeosseum | 갉으셨기 galgeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 갉으신 galgeusin | |||
| Present | 갉으시는 galgeusineun | ||||
| Future | 갉으실 galgeusil | ||||
Derived terms
- (passive) 갉히다 (galkida)