ꜥpj

ꜥpj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːpi/
  • Conventional anglicization: api

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to pass through (+ ḥr: to pass by)

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥpj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥp, geminated stem: ꜥpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥpt, ꜥpj	ꜥpw, ꜥp	ꜥpt, ꜥpwt, ꜥpyt	ꜥp	ꜥp, ꜥpy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥp8, ꜥpp8	ḥr ꜥpt, ḥr ꜥpj	m ꜥpt, m ꜥpj	r ꜥpt, r ꜥpj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥp.n	ꜥpw, ꜥp, ꜥpy	consecutive	ꜥp.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜥpt, ꜥpyt
perfective3	ꜥp	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	ꜥp.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜥp, ꜥpy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜥpw, ꜥp, ꜥpy	ꜥpw, ꜥp, ꜥpy	potentialis	ꜥp.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜥp, ꜥpy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥp.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜥpw1, ꜥpy, ꜥp	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥp	ꜥpy, ꜥp
imperfective	ꜥpp, ꜥppy, ꜥppw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥpp, ꜥppj6, ꜥppy6	ꜥpp, ꜥppw5
prospective	ꜥpw1, ꜥpy, ꜥp, ꜥptj7	—	ꜥpwtj1 4, ꜥptj4, ꜥpt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to fly [Late Period and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥpj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥp, geminated stem: ꜥpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥpt, ꜥpj	ꜥpw, ꜥp	ꜥpt, ꜥpwt, ꜥpyt	ꜥp	ꜥp, ꜥpy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥp8, ꜥpp8	ḥr ꜥpt, ḥr ꜥpj	m ꜥpt, m ꜥpj	r ꜥpt, r ꜥpj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ꜥp.n	consecutive	ꜥp.jn
terminative	ꜥpt, ꜥpyt
perfective3	ꜥp	obligative	ꜥp.ḫr
imperfective	ꜥp, ꜥpy
prospective3	ꜥpw, ꜥp, ꜥpy	potentialis	ꜥp.kꜣ
subjunctive	ꜥp, ꜥpy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜥp.n	—	—
perfective	ꜥpw1, ꜥpy, ꜥp	ꜥp	ꜥpy, ꜥp
imperfective	ꜥpp, ꜥppy, ꜥppw5	ꜥpp, ꜥppj6, ꜥppy6	ꜥpp, ꜥppw5
prospective	ꜥpw1, ꜥpy, ꜥp, ꜥptj7	ꜥpwtj1 4, ꜥptj4, ꜥpt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.
• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 179.7–179.15, 179.17–179.21