ꜣꜥꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑʔɑːʔɑː/
- Conventional anglicization: aaa

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to coat, spread, or patch up with plaster; to plaster [18th and 20th Dynasty]

Usage notes

There is some debate over whether the determinative in the form

(attested only in hieratic) is

or

.

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣꜥꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣꜥꜥ, geminated stem: ꜣꜥꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥw, ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥt	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣꜥꜥ	ḥr ꜣꜥꜥ	m ꜣꜥꜥ	r ꜣꜥꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n	ꜣꜥꜥw, ꜣꜥꜥ	consecutive	ꜣꜥꜥ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ꜣꜥꜥt
perfective³	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥꜥ	potentialis¹	ꜣꜥꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw⁵, ꜣꜥꜥy⁵
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥy, ꜣꜥꜥw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥj⁶, ꜣꜥꜥy⁶	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw⁵
prospective	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥtj⁷	—	ꜣꜥꜥtj⁴, ꜣꜥꜥt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ

jꜥꜥw

ꜣꜥꜥw

[Amarna Period]

[20th Dynasty]

from Amarna boundary stela S, line 24

Verb

2ae gem.

(transitive) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [19th Dynasty]
1. to accuse
2. to injure, to harm

Usage notes

Gardiner considers the evidence too scanty to determine the exact meaning of this word, but suggests a possible association with ꜥꜥw (“to sleep”) and is ‘convinced that the word conveyed something a good deal more painful than mere “accusation”’.

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣꜥꜥ (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: ꜣꜥ, geminated stem: ꜣꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣꜥꜥ⁸	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥt	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥ	ḥr ꜣꜥꜥ	m ꜣꜥꜥ	r ꜣꜥꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n, ꜣꜥ.n	ꜣꜥ	consecutive	ꜣꜥ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n, ꜣꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ꜣꜥꜥt
perfective³	ꜣꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ	potentialis¹	ꜣꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ꜣꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜣꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣꜥ	ꜣꜥ, ꜣꜥw⁵, ꜣꜥy⁵
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥy, ꜣꜥꜥw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥj⁶, ꜣꜥꜥy⁶	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw⁵
prospective	ꜣꜥ, ꜣꜥtj⁷	—	ꜣꜥꜥtj⁴, ꜣꜥꜥt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. ꜣꜥ before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ

ꜣꜥꜥw

ꜣꜥꜥ

Etymology 3

According to the neuere Komparatistik school of Egyptian comparison, from earlier *lꜥꜥ, from Proto-Afroasiatic *laɣ- (?) (“to speak”); compare Proto-Semitic *lɣz, Arabic لَغَزَ‎ (laḡaza, “to speak enigmatically, to use puzzling or riddle-like language”), Hebrew לעז‎ (“to speak a foreign language”).[1]

Verb

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to speak a foreign language, to gibber

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ

ꜣꜥꜥwjtj

ꜣꜥꜥwj

[sic], for inflected ꜣꜥꜥ.wj

Noun

m

(Late Egyptian) speaker of a foreign language, generally a foreigner or interpreter

Inflection

Declension of ꜣꜥꜥ (masculine)

singular	ꜣꜥꜥ
dual	ꜣꜥꜥwj
plural	ꜣꜥꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ

ꜣꜥꜥ

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ

ꜣꜥꜥ

[sic], erroneous determinative

abbreviation

Noun

m

a type of tree [20th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of ꜣꜥꜥ (masculine)

singular	ꜣꜥꜥ
dual	ꜣꜥꜥwj
plural	ꜣꜥꜥw

Proper noun

m./f. topo.

a place name [20th Dynasty]

Noun

m

(medicine) a liquid used medicinally [19th Dynasty]

Verb

The meaning of this term is uncertain. [Theban royal funerary literature]

Verb

Alternative form of ꜥꜥw (“to sleep”)

Noun

m

Alternative form of jꜥ (“tomb”)

References

Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 10
Lesko, Leonard; Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, volume 1, second edition, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, page 1–2
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 2.13–3.3, 3.5, 40.6
Gardiner, Alan (1948) “The First Two Pages of the Wörterbuch” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 34, p. 16–18
Gardiner, Alan (1948) The Wilbour Papyrus, Volume II: Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 32

Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31

[1] Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31