ꜣwt-jb
Egyptian
Etymology
Most likely from the infinitive of ꜣwj-jb (“to be happy”); however, some instead suggest a derivation directly from ꜣwt (“length”) + jb (“heart”) in a direct genitive construction. The former would imply the noun is masculine; the latter, feminine. It is attested a few times modified by (apparently masculine) nb, suggesting that the former is the case, but the omission of feminine adjective endings is also not unusual.
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ɑuːt ib/
- Conventional anglicization: aut-ib
Noun
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- happiness, joy
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwt-jb
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| ꜣwt-jb | ꜣwt-jb | ꜣwt-jb | ꜣw-jb | ꜣw-jb | ꜣw-jb | |||||||||||||||||||
| [Late Egyptian] | [Late Egyptian] | [Late Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
Noun
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- a pectoral amulet in the form of the hieroglyphs
ligatured, presumably intended to bring the wearer happiness [Greco-Roman Period]
Usage notes
These amulets are attested long before the word for them appears in the textual record; older instances of the word have apparently not survived.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwt-jb
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| ꜣw-jb | ꜣw-jb | ꜣw-jb | ||||||||||||
| [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
Noun
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- realgar (red arsenic sulfide) [since the New Kingdom]
Usage notes
Before the Late Period this term is found almost exclusively in medical texts (Papyrus Chester Beatty V and Papyrus Ebers).
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwt-jb
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| ꜣwt-jb | ꜣw-jb | ꜣw-jby | ꜣw-jb | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| [Late Egyptian] | [Late Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 455.
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 4.17–5.1
- Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 1
- Lesko, Leonard; Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, volume 1, second edition, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, page 3
- Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, page 3–4