ꜣwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːwaj/ → /ˈʀaːwaj/ → /ʔoːw/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑuːi/
- Conventional anglicization: awi

Verb

3ae inf.

(intransitive) to be(come) wide, to be(come) long
(intransitive) to be(come) long (in time or duration)
(intransitive) to be(come) rich or abundant in something, particularly offerings [Late Period, Greco-Roman Period]
(intransitive, shortened from ꜣwj-jb) to rejoice, be(come) glad [Greco-Roman Period]

Usage notes

This intransitive use of this verb is attested earlier than the transitive use below.

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣwt, ꜣwj	ꜣww, ꜣw	ꜣwt, ꜣwwt, ꜣwyt	ꜣw	ꜣw, ꜣwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣw⁸	ḥr ꜣwt, ḥr ꜣwj	m ꜣwt, m ꜣwj	r ꜣwt, r ꜣwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	ꜣw.n	consecutive	ꜣw.jn
terminative	ꜣwt, ꜣwyt	consecutive	ꜣw.jn
perfective³	ꜣw	obligative¹	ꜣw.ḫr
imperfective	ꜣw, ꜣwy	obligative¹	ꜣw.ḫr
prospective³	ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy	potentialis¹	ꜣw.kꜣ
subjunctive	ꜣw, ꜣwy	potentialis¹	ꜣw.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜣw.n	—	—
perfective	ꜣww¹, ꜣwy, ꜣw	ꜣw	ꜣwy, ꜣw
imperfective	ꜣw, ꜣwy, ꜣww⁵	ꜣw, ꜣwj⁶, ꜣwy⁶	ꜣw, ꜣww⁵
prospective	ꜣww¹, ꜣwy, ꜣw, ꜣwtj⁷	ꜣwwtj^{1 4}, ꜣwtj⁴, ꜣwt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj

ꜣwj

[Old Kingdom]

[18th Dynasty]

[Late Egyptian]

Derived terms

ꜣwj-jb
ꜣwt
ꜣwt-jb

Related terms

ꜣw

Descendants

Demotic: ꜥw
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲟⲩ (ōou)

Verb

3ae inf.

(transitive) to extend, to stretch out (a hand or arm)
(transitive) to give as an offering
(transitive) to present or deliver, particularly a document to an authority
(transitive) to announce or present (a person) (+ n: to someone)
(reflexive) to arouse^? oneself (to fight)
- 18th Dynasty, scarab of Tuthmosis IV:[1]
  
  jr ꜣww.f sw r ꜥḥꜣ jtn r ḥꜣt.f sw (ḥr) sksk ḏww ḥr ptpt ḫꜣswt
  If he arouses himself to fight, with the Aten in front of him, he destroys the mountains and tramples down the foreign lands.

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣwt, ꜣwj	ꜣww, ꜣw	ꜣwt, ꜣwwt, ꜣwyt	ꜣw	ꜣw, ꜣwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣw⁸	ḥr ꜣwt, ḥr ꜣwj	m ꜣwt, m ꜣwj	r ꜣwt, r ꜣwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣw.n	ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy	consecutive	ꜣw.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ꜣw.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ꜣwt, ꜣwyt
perfective³	ꜣw	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣw.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ꜣw, ꜣwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜣw.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy	ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy	potentialis¹	ꜣw.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ꜣw, ꜣwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣw.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜣww¹, ꜣwy, ꜣw	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣw	ꜣwy, ꜣw
imperfective	ꜣw, ꜣwy, ꜣww⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣw, ꜣwj⁶, ꜣwy⁶	ꜣw, ꜣww⁵
prospective	ꜣww¹, ꜣwy, ꜣw, ꜣwtj⁷	—	ꜣwwtj^{1 4}, ꜣwtj⁴, ꜣwt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj

ꜣwj

ꜣwy

jꜣwj

[Old Kingdom]

[Middle Kingdom]

[Late Egyptian]

[Late Period]

Derived terms

ꜣwj-ꜥ
ꜣwj ḏrt
ꜣwj ḏrt r
ꜣwt
ꜣwt-ꜥ

Descendants

From the imperative:

Demotic: jꜣw
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲉⲉⲓ (aueei)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩ (au), ⲁⲩⲉ (aue), ⲁⲩⲉⲓ (auei)

From the imperative compounded with sw:

⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲓⲥ (auis)
⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲥ (aueis)

References

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 3.12–4.6, 5.4–5.12
Lesko, Leonard; Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, volume 1, second edition, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, page 2–3
Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, page 3–4
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 1–2
Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 14, 230
Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 18

Shorter, Alan W. (1931) “Historical Scarabs of Tuthmosis IV and Amenophis III” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 17, page 23

[1] Shorter, Alan W. (1931) “Historical Scarabs of Tuthmosis IV and Amenophis III” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 17, page 23