龍川

龍川

Chinese

		dragon; imperial; surname	river; creek; plain river; creek; plain; an area of level country; Sichuan province (abbrev.)
trad. (龍川)		龍	川
simp. (龙川)		龙	川
alternative forms		隆川 “Long Xuyên”

Etymology

"Longchuan county, Guangdong, China"

First attested in the Records of the Grand Historian.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Lóngchuān

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄨㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lung⁴ cyun¹
• Min Nan (POJ): Liông-chhoan

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Lóngchuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Lóngchuan
    • Wade–Giles: Lung²-chʻuan¹
    • Yale: Lúng-chwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Longchuan
    • Palladius: Лунчуань (Lunčuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰwän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lung⁴ cyun¹
    • Yale: lùhng chyūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lung⁴ tsyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lung⁴ qun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ²¹ t͡ʃʰyːn⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liông-chhoan
    • Tâi-lô: Liông-tshuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liongzhoafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɨoŋ  t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/

Rime
Character	龍	川
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力鍾切	昌緣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨoŋ/	/t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/lioŋ/	/t͡ɕʰʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/lioŋ/	/t͡ɕʰjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luawŋ/	/cʰwian/
Li Rong	/lioŋ/	/t͡ɕʰiuɛn/
Wang Li	/lĭwoŋ/	/t͡ɕʰĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯woŋ/	/t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóng	chuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lung4	cyun1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[mə]-roŋ  t.l̥u[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*b·roŋ  kʰjon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	龍	川
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lóng	chuān
Middle Chinese	‹ ljowng ›	‹ tsyhwen ›
Old Chinese	/*[mə]-roŋ/	/*t.l̥u[n]/ (MC -jwen is irregular)
English	dragon	stream, river
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	龍	川
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	8436	1628
Phonetic component	龍	川
Rime group	東	元
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	龍	穿
Old Chinese	/*b·roŋ/	/*kʰjon/

Proper noun

龍川

1. (～縣) Longchuan (a county of Heyuan, Guangdong, China)
2. (～市) Long Xuyên (a city, the provincial capital of An Giang, Vietnam)

Synonyms

• (Long Xuyên): 東川／东川 (Dōngchuān)