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单词
释义

See also:
U+9F3B, 鼻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F3B

[U+9F3A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9F3C]
U+2FD0, ⿐
KANGXI RADICAL NOSE

[U+2FCF]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FD1]
鼻 U+2FA1C, 鼻
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA1C
鼖
[U+2FA1B]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement𪘀
[U+2FA1D]

Translingual

Stroke order
Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms

The form of this character differs slightly between China and Japan:

in China: ,
in Japan:

That is, in China the bottom is 丌 (strokes T-junction), while in Japan the bottom is 廾 (strokes cross).

Due to Han unification, they share the same codepoint.

Han character

(Kangxi radical 209, 鼻+0, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹山田一中 (HUWML), four-corner 26446, composition ⿱自畀)

  1. Kangxi radical #209, .

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/鼻
  • 𠏿, 嚊, 𪤨, 嬶, 𡽶, 擤, 濞, 𮥭, 𭢷, 䑄, 襣, 𦤫, 𧓧, 𧗗
  • 劓, 𨞳, 𦫱, 𩕬, 𫗅, 䕗, 𢋛, 𤻖

References

  • KangXi: page 1530, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2066, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4779, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F3B
  • Unihan data for U+2FA1C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp.𢍂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *blids) : semantic (nose) + phonetic (OC *pids).

(OC *ɦljids) originally meant “nose” but came to be used to mean “self”, so the sense of “nose” has been replaced by (OC *blids). Some scholars interpret (OC *blids) as a combination of a nose ( (OC *ɦljids)) and two lungs ( (OC *pids)).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bi (nose); compare Sichuan Yi (hnap bbit , nose; snot).

Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-brit (sneeze; nose; swallow), whence Tibetan སྦྲིད (sbrid, sneeze), but there is no trace of r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

In some modern lects, including Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu, and Xiang, and even in the literary layer of some Min dialects, the word reflects a form with final *-t. For example, in standard Mandarin, the word is pronounced (implying an old entering tone) instead of (the expected reflex from the departing tone in Middle Chinese). This is due to a phonological phenomenon in the northwest, either an early loss of *-s in the *-ts cluster before regular final cluster simplification occurred (Baxter, 1992), or a dialectal change from *-s to *-t (Pulleybank, 1998).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): bí (bi2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): bi2
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): bei6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bei5, bei5*
  • Gan (Wiktionary): pit7
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pi4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): bieh5
  • Min Bei (KCR): pī / bī
  • Min Dong (BUC): pé / bê / bĭk
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): phīⁿ / phī / phǐ / pi̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pin7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): beq (T5)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): bi6

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin:
      • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin:
      • Wade–Giles: pi2
      • Yale:
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: byi
      • Palladius: би (bi)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: bi2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: bei6
      • Yale: beih
      • Cantonese Pinyin: bei6
      • Guangdong Romanization: béi6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pei̯²²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: bei5, bei5*
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pei³²/, /pei³²⁻³²⁵/
Note:
  • bei5 - “nose”;
  • bei5* - “nasal mucus”.
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: pit7
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pʰit̚²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
      • Hakka Romanization System: pi
      • Hagfa Pinyim: pi4
      • Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: pi4
      • Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: bieh5
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ⁵⁴/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pī / bī
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi⁵⁵/, /pi⁵⁵/
Note:
  • pī - vernacular (noun);
  • bī - vernacular (“to smell”).
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: pé / bê / bĭk
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɛi²¹³/, /pɛi²⁴²/, /piʔ⁵/
Note:
  • pé - vernacular (noun);
  • bê - vernacular (“to smell”);
  • bĭk - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Magong, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phīⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: phīnn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: phvi
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Singapore): /pʰĩ²²/
      • IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /pʰĩ³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Philippines)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phī
      • Tâi-lô: phī
      • Phofsit Daibuun: phi
      • IPA (Hui'an): /pʰi²¹/
      • IPA (Lukang): /pʰi³¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /pʰi⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /pʰi²²/
    • (Hokkien: Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phǐ
      • Tâi-lô: phǐ
      • IPA (Lukang): /pʰi³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi̍t
      • Tâi-lô: pi̍t
      • Phofsit Daibuun: pit
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚¹²¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen): /pit̚⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangpu): /pit̚¹⁴/
Note:
  • phīⁿ/phī/phǐ - vernacular;
  • pi̍t - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: pin7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phīⁿ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pʰĩ¹¹/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: beq (T5)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /b̥əʔ¹²/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: bi6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi²⁴/

  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
MandarinBeijing/pi³⁵/
Harbin/pi²⁴/
Tianjin/pi⁴⁵/
Jinan/pi⁴²/
Qingdao/pi⁴²/
Zhengzhou/pi⁴²/
Xi'an/pi²⁴/
Xining/pji²⁴/
Yinchuan/pi¹³/
Lanzhou/pi⁵³/
Ürümqi/pi⁵¹/
Wuhan/pi²¹³/
Chengdu/pi³¹/
Guiyang/pi²¹/
Kunming/pi³¹/
Nanjing/piʔ⁵/
Hefei/piəʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/piəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao/piʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot/piəʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/biɪʔ¹/
Suzhou/biəʔ³/
Hangzhou/biəʔ²/
/bɑʔ²/
Wenzhou/bi²¹³/
HuiShexian/pʰi²²/
Tunxi/pʰi⁵/
XiangChangsha/pi²⁴/
Xiangtan/pʰi⁵⁵/
GanNanchang/pʰiʔ²/
HakkaMeixian/pʰi⁵³/
Taoyuan/pʰi⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/pei²²/
Nanning/pi²²/
Hong Kong/pei²²/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/pi²²/
/pʰi²²/ ~仔
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/pʰɛi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/pʰi⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/pĩ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan)/fi²³/

  • Middle Chinese: /biɪH/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (3)
Final () (15)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie毗至切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/biɪH/
Pan
Wuyun
/biH/
Shao
Rongfen
/bjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/biH/
Li
Rong
/biH/
Wang
Li
/biH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bei6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-bi[t]-s/, /*Cə-bi[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*blids/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/22/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjijH ›‹ bjijH ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-bi[t]-s//*Cə-bi[t]-s/
Englishnosesmell (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.612
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*blids/

Definitions

  1. (anatomy) nose
  2. nose-like object, protruding part
    1. handle
    2. pinhole
    3. (geography) cape
  3. initial; founding; beginning; original
          forefather; initiator
  4. (dialectal) nasal mucus; snot
  5. (archaic or Hakka, Min) to smell
  6. (Min Bei, including Songxi, Shibei) to kiss

Synonyms

Compounds

References

  • Entry #10972”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. nose

Readings

  • Go-on: (bi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (hi)
  • Kun: はな (hana, , Jōyō); はじめ (hajime, 鼻め)

Compounds

  • 鼻音
  • 鼻孔
  • 鼻腔
  • 鼻骨
  • 鼻祖
  • 鼻母音
  • 鼻梁
  • 鼻息
  • 鼻歌
  • 鼻声
  • 鼻血

Etymology

From pointing to one's nose to refer to oneself.

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
はな
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
    • Kun’yomi
      • (Tokyo) [hàná] (Heiban – [0])[2]
      • IPA(key): [ha̠na̠]
    • (file)

    Noun

    (はな) (hana) 

    1. nose
    2. (elephant or elephant seal) trunk

    Pronoun

    (はな) (hana) 

    1. first-person personal male pronoun; I, me

    Derived terms

    • 鼻様(はなさま) (hanasama)

    References

    1. ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
    2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese (MC biɪH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448삥〮 (Yale: ppí)
    Middle Korean
    TextEumhun
    Gloss (hun)Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527고〮 (Yale: kwó)비〯 (Yale: )

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pi(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    Wikisource (eumhun 코 비 (ko bi))

    1. Hanja form? of (nose; nasal; rhino-).
      호흡(呼吸)nasal respiration
      음(音)a nasal sound
      모음(母音)nasal vowel
      강(副腔)sinus
      염(炎)rhinitis
      인후과(耳咽喉科)otorhinolaryngology

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

    Kunigami

    Kanji

    • Kun: ぱなー (phanā)

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /pʰanaː/

    Noun

    (hiragana ぱなー, romaji phanā)

    1. nose

    Miyako

    Kanji

    • Kun: ぱな (pana)

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /pana/

    Noun

    (hiragana ぱな, romaji pana)

    1. nose

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    • Kun: はな (hana, )

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /hana/

    Noun

    (hiragana はな, rōmaji hana)

    1. (anatomy) nose

    References

      “ハナ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.


      Vietnamese

      Han character

      : Hán Nôm readings: tị

      1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

      Yaeyama

      Kanji

      • Kun: ぱな (pana)

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /pana/

      Noun

      (hiragana ぱな, romaji pana)

      1. nose

      Yonaguni

      Kanji

      • Kun: はなぶる (鼻ぶる, hanaburu)
      随便看

       

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