黎

黎	U+9ECE, 黎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ECE

← 黍
[U+9ECD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

黏 →
[U+9ECF]

黎	U+F989, 黎 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F989

← 麗
[U+F988]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

力 →
[U+F98A]

Translingual

Han character

黎 (Kangxi radical 202, 黍+3, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹人水 (HHOE), four-corner 2713₂, composition ⿳𥝢𠆢氺)

Derived characters

嚟, 㠟, 𤂱, 㰀, 瓈, 邌, 𤑬, 𤛼, 𥌛, 𥗍, 𥣵, 𧔌, 𬜜, 鑗, 𩧋, 𩼽, 𠠍, 𨟀, 𩁟, 𢤂, 藜, 𥨹, 䉫

References

KangXi: page 1517, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47994
Dae Jaweon: page 2049, character 36
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4759, character 3
Unihan data for U+9ECE
Unihan data for U+F989

Chinese

trad.		黎
simp. ^#		黎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
犁	riːl, ril
黎	*riːl
莉	riːl, r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	riːl, ril
筣	riːl, ri
蔾	riːl, ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːl) : semantic 黍 (“millet”) + phonetic 利 (OC *rids).

Etymology

“black; numerous”: Cognate with 黧 (“black”) (Wang, 1982).
“Li people”: From Hlai Hlai. Alleged to be used in Eastern Han dynasty book Yiwu Zhi:

《南裔異物志》謂：俚在廣州之南，俗呼俚為𥠖。 [MSC, trad.]
《南裔异物志》谓：俚在广州之南，俗呼俚为𥠖。 [MSC, simp.]

From: 顧炎武《天下郡國利病書》, early Qing dynasty

“Nányì Yìwù Zhì” wèi: Lǐ zài Guǎngzhōu zhī nán, sú hū Lǐ wèi 𥠖. [Pinyin]

(please add an English translation of this example)

Before Song dynasty, 俚 (lǐ) was a more common term.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lí (li²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): lai⁴
(Taishan, Wiktionary): lai³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lì / lài
(Meixian, Guangdong): li² / lai²
Min Dong (BUC): là̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lê
(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁵ / loi⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lí
  - Wade–Giles: li²
  - Yale: lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁴
  - Yale: làih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lai²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì / lài
  - Hakka Romanization System: liˇ / laiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li² / lai²
  - Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/, /lai̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: li² / lai²
  - Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/, /laɪ¹¹/

Note: lài/lai2 - surname.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: là̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
  - Tâi-lô: lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁵ / loi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lî / lôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵⁵/, /loi⁵⁵/

Note: loi5 - surname.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: li (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: /lei/

Rime
Character	黎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤij/, /*[r]ˤij/
(Zhengzhang): /*riːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	黎	黎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lej ›
Old Chinese	/[r]ˁij/ (Cf. 耆 0552l ɡij < [ɡ]rij ‘old’)	/*[r]ˁij/
English	old	black
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	黎
Reading #	1/1
No.	7880
Phonetic component	利
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎
Old Chinese	/*riːl/

Definitions

黎

(obsolete) black
alt. forms: 黧
(literary) numerous
黎民 ― límín ― common people
until; at the time of
黎明 ― límíng ― dawn
(～國) (historical) state of Li (a state in modern-day Shanxi, China, during the Shang dynasty)
(～族) Li people (the largest ethnic minority in Hainan, China)
Short for 黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn, “Lebanon”).
- 年逾八旬的卡薩與中國淵源頗深，自上世紀50年代以來，他已訪問中國50餘次，是中黎乃至中阿關係發展的見證者。 [MSC, trad.]
  年逾八旬的卡萨与中国渊源颇深，自上世纪50年代以来，他已访问中国50余次，是中黎乃至中阿关系发展的见证者。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2017 April 7, 李良勇, 黎巴嫩友好人士任丝绸之路国际总商会荣誉主席
  Nián yú bā xún de kǎsà yǔ zhōngguó yuānyuán pō shēn, zì shàng shìjì 50 niándài yǐlái, tā yǐ fǎngwèn zhōngguó 50 yú cì, shì Zhōng Lí nǎizhì Zhōng Ā guānxì fāzhǎn de jiànzhèngzhě. [Pinyin]
  Kassar, who is over 80 years old, has a deep relationship with China; since the 1950s, he has visited China over 50 times, witnessing the development of Sino–Lebanese, and even Sino–Arab, relations.
a surname
黎元洪 ― Lí Yuánhóng ― Li Yuanhong (Chinese politician during the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China)

Compounds

Derived terms from 黎

九黎 (Jiǔlí)
人黎
任黎
伽黎
兆黎
匠黎
呵黎勒
孑黎
巴黎 (Bālí)
巴黎公社 (Bālí Gōngshè)
巴黎子
巴黎盆地
庶黎 (shùlí)
昌黎 (Chānglí)
查黎
楚黎
民黎
波多黎各 (Bōduōlígè)
波黎
洞黎
消黎花
渠黎
烝黎
狐黎
玄黎
生黎
甿黎
疲黎
祝黎
突黎
群黎
芭黎
花花黎黎
花黎胡哨
萌黎
蒸黎
赫胥黎 (Hèxūlí)
迦黎
重黎
阿黎
青黎
黎丘丈人
黎丘鬼
黎人
黎伯
黎俗
黎俱吠陀
黎元 (líyuán)
黎兜鍪
黎刀

黎司直
黎地
黎女
黎孑
黎家
黎家垸 (Líjiāyuàn)
黎山
黎山老姆
黎峒 (Lídòng)
黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn)
黎布
黎幔
黎幕
黎庶 (líshù)
黎弓
黎族 (Lízú)
黎旦
黎旭
黎明 (límíng)
黎服
黎朦
黎朦子
黎杖
黎檬子
黎歌
黎母
黎母山
黎毯
黎民 (límín)
黎氓
黎烝
黎然
黎牛
黎物
黎玄
黎甿
黎瘼
黎祁
黎老
黎苗
黎萌
黎蒸
黎豆
黎赤
黎邑
黎首 (líshǒu)
黎黑
黎黔
黔黎

的黎波里 (Dīlíbōlǐ)
凍黎／冻黎
哥斯達黎加／哥斯达黎加 (Gēsīdálíjiā)
巴黎和會／巴黎和会
巴黎和約／巴黎和约
巴黎大學／巴黎大学
巴黎畫派／巴黎画派
巴黎綠／巴黎绿 (bālílǜ)
懸黎／悬黎
楚懸黎／楚悬黎
殘黎／残黎
災黎／灾黎 (zāilí)
窮黎／穷黎
終黎／终黎
蒼黎／苍黎
蘇黎世／苏黎世 (Sūlíshì)
蘇黎士／苏黎士 (Sūlíshì)
蛤黎醬／蛤黎酱
訶黎勒／诃黎勒
貧黎／贫黎
遠黎／远黎
遺黎／遗黎
遺黎故老／遗黎故老
邊黎／边黎
闍黎／阇黎
阿闍黎／阿阇黎
阿黎耶識／阿黎耶识
韓昌黎／韩昌黎
頗黎／颇黎
飢黎／饥黎
飣坐黎／饤坐黎
黎單／黎单
黎園子弟／黎园子弟
黎庶塗炭／黎庶涂炭
黎彥／黎彦
黎戶／黎户
黎母國／黎母国
黎渦／黎涡
黎獻／黎献
黎眾／黎众
黎綠／黎绿
黎裝／黎装
黎語／黎语 (líyǔ)
黎農／黎农
黎錦／黎锦
黎長／黎长
黎飯／黎饭
黎飾／黎饰
黎黃／黎黄

Japanese

Kanji

黎

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

black, bluish black
gloomy, dusky
used to indicate the Li people of Hainan Province, China

Readings

Go-on: らい (rai)
Kan-on: れい (rei)
On: り (ri)
Kun: くろ (kuro, 黎); くろい (kuroi, 黎い)
Nanori: たみ (tami)

Compounds

群黎(ぐんれい) (gunrei)
黔黎(けんれい) (kenrei)
生黎(せいれい) (seirei)
重黎(ちょうれい) (chōrei)
泥黎(ないり) (nairi)
百黎(ひゃくれい) (hyakurei)
黎族(りーぞく) (rīzoku)
黎桓(れいかん) (reikan)
黎貴惇(れいきじゅん) (reikijun)
黎軒(れいけん) (reiken)
黎元(れいげん) (reigen)
黎元洪(れいげんこう) (reigenkō)
黎首(れいしゅ) (reishu)
黎庶(れいしょ) (reisho)
黎庶昌(れいしょしょう) (reishoshō)
黎聖宗(れいせいそう) (reiseisō)
黎旦(れいたん) (reitan)
黎朝(れいちょう) (reichō); or 黎朝(れちょう) (rechō)
黎朝刑律(れいちょうけいりつ) (reichōkeiritsu)
黎文悦(れいぶんえつ) (reibun'etsu)
黎民(れいみん) (reimin)
黎明(れいめい) (reimei, “dawn”)
黎明会(れいめいかい) (reimeikai)
黎明期(れいめいき) (reimeiki)
黎利(れいり) (reiri)

Korean

Hanja

黎 (eum 려 (ryeo), South Korea 여 (yeo))

Hanja form^? of 여(黎) (“black”).

Vietnamese

Han character

黎: Hán Nôm readings: lê, rê

spelt as Lê, the fourth most common surname among ethnic Vietnamese.