黄葉

黄葉

See also: 黃葉

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
黄	葉
Grade: 2	Grade: 3
Irregular

⟨mo₍₁₎mi₁ti⟩ → */mʷomʲiti/ → */mʷomʲidi/ → /momid͡ʑi/ → /momiʑi/

Shift from Old Japanese 黄葉 (momiti → momichi).

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 黄葉づ (momidu), modern 黄葉ず (momizu, “to yellow in autumn, said of leaves”).

Probably cognate with classical verb 燃ゆ (/mo₁yu/ → moyu), modern 燃える (moeru, “to burn”), from the coloring of autumn leaves appearing like a fire burning.

Alternative forms

• (autumn leaves, mostly reddened): 紅葉

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) も​みじ [móꜜmìjì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [mo̞mʲiʑi]

Noun

黄葉 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉, hiragana もみじ, katakana モミジ, rōmaji momiji, historical hiragana もみぢ, historical katakana モミヂ)

1. the yellowing of leaves in autumn
2. the yellowed autumn leaves themselves
3. Alternative spelling of 紅葉 (momiji): the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum); a kind of kamon with a Japanese maple leaf design

Derived terms

• 銀 (い)杏 (ちょう)黄葉 (もみじ) (ichō momiji, “yellowed gingko leaves”)

Verb

黄葉する (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉する, hiragana もみじする, rōmaji momiji suru, historical hiragana もみぢする)

1. (of leaves) to yellow in autumn

Inflection

Conjugation of "黄葉する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	黄葉し	もみじし	momiji shi
Continuative (連用形)	黄葉し	もみじし	momiji shi
Terminal (終止形)	黄葉する	もみじする	momiji suru
Attributive (連体形)	黄葉する	もみじする	momiji suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	黄葉すれ	もみじすれ	momiji sure
Imperative (命令形)	黄葉せよ¹ 黄葉しろ²	もみじせよ¹ もみじしろ²	momiji seyo¹ momiji shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	黄葉される	もみじされる	momiji sareru
Causative	黄葉させる 黄葉さす	もみじさせる もみじさす	momiji saseru momiji sasu
Potential	黄葉できる	もみじできる	momiji dekiru
Volitional	黄葉しよう	もみじしよう	momiji shiyō
Negative	黄葉しない	もみじしない	momiji shinai
Negative continuative	黄葉せず	もみじせず	momiji sezu
Formal	黄葉します	もみじします	momiji shimasu
Perfective	黄葉した	もみじした	momiji shita
Conjunctive	黄葉して	もみじして	momiji shite
Hypothetical conditional	黄葉すれば	もみじすれば	momiji sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Proper noun

黄葉 (hiragana もみじ, rōmaji Momiji)

1. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
黄	葉
Grade: 2	は > ば Grade: 3
Irregular

Shift from Old Japanese 黄葉 (momichi-ba).

Can also be parsed as a compound of 黄葉 (もみじ) (momiji, “yellowing of leaves in autumn”) + 葉 (は) (ha, “leaf, leaves”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) もみじ​ば [mòmíjíꜜbà] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [mo̞mʲiʑiba̠]

Noun

黄葉 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉, hiragana もみじば, rōmaji momiji-ba, historical hiragana もみぢば)

1. yellowed autumn leaves
2. Alternative spelling of 紅葉 (momiji-ba): the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)

Usage notes

For emphasis, the initial momiji is almost always written in kana alone, as もみじ葉 (​momiji-ba).

Derived terms

• 黄 (もみじ)葉 (ば)の (momiji-ba no, pillow word)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
黄	葉
こう Grade: 2	よう Grade: 3
on’yomi

/kwau jepu/ → /kwɔːjefu/ → /kwɔːjeu/ → /koːjoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 黃葉 (MC ɦwɑŋ jiᴇp̚).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) こーよー [kòóyóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ko̞ːjo̞ː]

Noun

黄葉 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉, hiragana こうよう, rōmaji kōyō, historical hiragana くわうえふ)

1. the yellowing of leaves in autumn
2. the yellowed autumn leaves themselves

Derived terms

• 黄 (こう)葉 (よう)和 (わ)歌 (か)集 (しゅう) (Kōyō Wakashū)

Verb

黄葉する (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉する, hiragana こうようする, rōmaji kōyō suru, historical hiragana くわうえふする)

1. (of leaves) to yellow in autumn

Inflection

Conjugation of "黄葉する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	黄葉し	こうようし	kōyō shi
Continuative (連用形)	黄葉し	こうようし	kōyō shi
Terminal (終止形)	黄葉する	こうようする	kōyō suru
Attributive (連体形)	黄葉する	こうようする	kōyō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	黄葉すれ	こうようすれ	kōyō sure
Imperative (命令形)	黄葉せよ¹ 黄葉しろ²	こうようせよ¹ こうようしろ²	kōyō seyo¹ kōyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	黄葉される	こうようされる	kōyō sareru
Causative	黄葉させる 黄葉さす	こうようさせる こうようさす	kōyō saseru kōyō sasu
Potential	黄葉できる	こうようできる	kōyō dekiru
Volitional	黄葉しよう	こうようしよう	kōyō shiyō
Negative	黄葉しない	こうようしない	kōyō shinai
Negative continuative	黄葉せず	こうようせず	kōyō sezu
Formal	黄葉します	こうようします	kōyō shimasu
Perfective	黄葉した	こうようした	kōyō shita
Conjunctive	黄葉して	こうようして	kōyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	黄葉すれば	こうようすれば	kōyō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

See also

• 紅 (こう)葉 (よう) (kōyō, “reddened autumn leaves”)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
黄	葉
き Grade: 2	は > ば Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Proper noun

黄葉 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉, hiragana きば, rōmaji Kiba)

1. a surname

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
黄	葉
おう Grade: 2	は > ば Grade: 3
jūbakoyomi

Compound of 黄 (ō, “yellow”, the goon reading) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”, the kun-yomi or native Japanese reading).

The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Proper noun

黄葉 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉, hiragana おうば, rōmaji Ōba, historical hiragana わうば)

1. a surname

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
黄	葉
こう Grade: 2	は Grade: 3
jūbakoyomi

Compound of 黄 (kō, “yellow”, the kan'on reading) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”, the kun-yomi or native Japanese reading).

Proper noun

黄葉 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 黃葉, hiragana こうは, rōmaji Kōha, historical hiragana くわうは)

1. a female given name

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN