麻將
See also: 麻将
Chinese
(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp (to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother | phonetic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (麻將) | 麻 | 將 | |
| simp. (麻将) | 麻 | 将 | |
Etymology
From 麻雀 (máquè, “sparrow”), with a Wu diminutive suffix /ŋ̍/ (syllabic velar nasal), retained in some Wu languages (compare Wenzhounese /ŋ̍/). This suffix then fused with the preceding syllable, and was conserved in the form of a nasal coda /-ŋ/. As an example compare Shanghainese 雀 (old pron.: /t͡ɕia̠ʔ⁵/) + /-ŋ̍/ → 將 /t͡ɕiã⁵³/.
The game of mahjong was called 馬吊／马吊 (mǎdiào) during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where the second syllable presumably represented a Wu pronunciation of 鳥／鸟 (niǎo) ("bird", see there for more).
Pronunciation
Noun
麻將
- mahjong
- (chiefly Wu, dated in Shanghainese Wu) sparrow
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 麻將 (“mahjong”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 麻將 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 麻將 |
| Taiwan | 麻將 | |
| Ulanhot | 麻將 | |
| Tongliao | 麻將 | |
| Chifeng | 麻將 | |
| Bayanhot | 麻將 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 麻將 | |
| Harbin | 麻將 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 麻將 | |
| Jinan | 麻將 | |
| Luoyang | 麻將 | |
| Wanrong | 麻將 | |
| Xi'an | 麻將 | |
| Yinchuan | 麻將 | |
| Lanzhou | 麻將 | |
| Xining | 麻將 | |
| Ürümqi | 麻將 | |
| Wuhan | 麻將 | |
| Chengdu | 麻將 | |
| Guiyang | 麻將, 麻雀 | |
| Guilin | 麻將 | |
| Liuzhou | 麻將 | |
| Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 麻將 | |
| Xuzhou | 麻將, 方城戲 humorous, 竹城戲 humorous | |
| Yangzhou | 麻將牌, 麻將 | |
| Nanjing | 麻將 | |
| Malaysia | 麻將 | |
| Singapore | 麻將 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 麻雀 |
| Hong Kong | 麻雀 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 麻雀 | |
| Macau | 麻雀 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 麻雀 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 麻雀 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 麻雀 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 麻雀 | |
| Foshan | 麻雀 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 麻雀 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 麻雀 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 麻雀 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 麻雀 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 麻雀 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 麻雀 | |
| Taishan | 麻雀 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 麻雀 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 麻雀 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 麻雀 | |
| Dongguan | 麻雀 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 麻雀 | |
| Qingyuan | 麻雀 | |
| Fogang | 麻雀 | |
| Yingde (Hanguang) | 麻雀 | |
| Yangshan | 麻雀 | |
| Lianshan (Butian) | 麻雀 | |
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 麻雀 | |
| Shaoguan | 麻雀 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 麻將 | |
| Renhua | 麻雀 | |
| Lechang | 麻雀 | |
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 麻雀 | |
| Sihui | 麻將 | |
| Guangning | 麻雀 | |
| Deqing | 麻雀 | |
| Huaiji | 麻雀 | |
| Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 麻雀 | |
| Yunfu | 麻雀 | |
| Xinxing | 麻雀 | |
| Luoding | 麻雀 | |
| Yunan (Pingtai) | 麻雀 | |
| Xinyi | 麻雀 | |
| Lianjiang | 麻雀 | |
| Nanning | 麻雀, 麻將 | |
| Wuzhou | 麻雀, 麻將 | |
| Yulin | 麻將 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 麻將 | |
| Baise | 麻雀 | |
| Qinzhou | 麻將 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 麻雀 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 麻將 |
| Lichuan | 麻將 | |
| Pingxiang | 麻將 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 麻雀 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 麻雀 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 麻雀 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 麻雀 | |
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 麻雀 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 麻雀 | |
| Yudu | 麻將, 貫索牌子 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麻雀 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麻雀 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麻雀 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麻雀 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麻雀 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麻雀 | |
| Luchuan (Daqiao) | 麻將 | |
| Singkawang | 麻雀 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 麻將 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 麻將 |
| Pingyao | 麻將 | |
| Xinzhou | 麻將 | |
| Taibus (Baochang) | 麻將 | |
| Jining | 麻將 | |
| Hohhot | 麻架 | |
| Baotou | 麻將 | |
| Dongsheng | 麻將 | |
| Haibowan | 麻將 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 雀牌 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 麻雀 |
| Fuqing | 麻雀 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 麻雀 |
| Quanzhou | 麻雀 | |
| Yongchun | 麻雀 | |
| Zhangzhou | 麻雀 | |
| Tainan | 麻雀 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 麻雀 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 麻雀 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhangping | 麻雀 | |
| Pingnan (Shangdu) | 麻將 | |
| Shantou | 麻雀 | |
| Jieyang | 麻雀 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 麻雀 | |
| Leizhou | 麻雀 | |
| Wenchang | 麻雀 | |
| Haikou | 麻雀 | |
| Qionghai | 麻雀 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 麻雀 |
| Sanxiang | 麻雀 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 麻雀, 麻雀牌, 麻將 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 麻將 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 麻將, 麻將牌 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 麻將 | |
| Suzhou | 麻將 | |
| Danyang | 麻將, 麻將牌 | |
| Hangzhou | 麻將 | |
| Ningbo | 麻將, 麻將牌 | |
| Wenzhou | 麻將 | |
| Jinhua | 麻將 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 麻將 |
| Loudi | 麻將 | |
| Quanzhou | 麻將 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 麻雀 (“sparrow”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 雀 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 麻雀 | |
| Taxonomic name | 麻雀 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 家雀兒, 老家賊, 老家子 |
| Taiwan | 麻雀 | |
| Tianjin | 家雀兒, 老家賊 | |
| Langfang | 家照兒 | |
| Tangshan | 家雀兒 | |
| Cangzhou | 家雀兒 | |
| Baoding | 老家 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 家雀兒 | |
| Daming | 小蟲兒 | |
| Ulanhot | 家雀兒, 家賊 | |
| Tongliao | 家雀兒, 家賊 | |
| Chifeng | 老家子 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 家雀, 家賊 | |
| Harbin | 家雀兒, 老家賊, 家賊 | |
| Shenyang | 家雀兒 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 家雀兒, 雀兒 | |
| Qingdao | 家雀 | |
| Jinan | 家雀兒, 家雀子, 家雀 | |
| Luoyang | 小蟲兒 | |
| Wanrong | 飛蟲 | |
| Zhengzhou | 小蟲兒 | |
| Xi'an | 雀兒, 麻雀兒 | |
| Yinchuan | 麻雀子 | |
| Lanzhou | 雀兒 | |
| Ürümqi | 麻雀子, 乾頭麻雀子 | |
| Wuhan | 麻雀 | |
| Huanggang | 麻雀兒 | |
| Chengdu | 麻雀, 家麻雀, 麻雀子 | |
| Guiyang | 麻雀, 瓦雀 | |
| Kunming | 小雀, 穀雀 | |
| Guilin | 麻雀 | |
| Liuzhou | 麻雀, 麻雀鳥 | |
| Xuzhou | 小老雀兒, 老雀兒 | |
| Yangzhou | 麻雀子, 麻雀 | |
| Nanjing | 麻雀 | |
| Hefei | 麻䨂子, 麻雀子 | |
| Nantong | 麻雀兒 | |
| Singapore | 麻雀 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 麻雀子 | |
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 麻雀子 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 瓦雀 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 麻雀 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 麻雀, 禾花雀, 麻甩 |
| Hong Kong | 麻雀 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 麻雀 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 麻雀 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 麻雀 | |
| Macau | 麻雀 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 麻雀 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 禾雀 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 禾雀仔 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 麻甩 | |
| Foshan | 禾雀 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 胡雀 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 禾花雀 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 禾雀 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 禾丫雀 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 麻雀 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 禾花雀 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 禾雀 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 禾雀 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 禾雀 | |
| Taishan | 禾雀, 麻雀 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 禾雀 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 禾雀 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 禾雀 | |
| Dongguan | 麻雀, 麻鷝 Qishi | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 麻雀 | |
| Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Qingyuan | 禾雀仔 | |
| Fogang | 麻雀 | |
| Yingde (Hanguang) | 禾花雀 | |
| Yangshan | 麻雀仔 | |
| Lianshan (Butian) | 麻雀 | |
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 麻雀 | |
| Shaoguan | 麻雀 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 麻雀, 禾雀 | |
| Renhua | 禾雀仔, 禾鷝仔 | |
| Lechang | 禾雀仔, 麻雀 | |
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 麻甩 | |
| Sihui | 麻雀, 馬騮兒 | |
| Guangning | 禾穀仔 | |
| Deqing | 禾花雀 | |
| Huaiji | 麻甩仔 | |
| Yunfu | 麻雀 | |
| Xinxing | 麻乜 | |
| Luoding | 麻雀 | |
| Yunan (Pingtai) | 麻雀 | |
| Yangjiang | 麻雀仔 | |
| Xinyi | 麻雀 | |
| Lianjiang | 麻雀仔 | |
| Nanning | 麻雀 | |
| Wuzhou | 麻雀仔, 禾穀雀 | |
| Yulin | 麻雀 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 麻啲, 禾穀雀 | |
| Beihai | 麻啲 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 麻雀 | |
| Móng Cái | 麻雀 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 奸雀子, 奸雀, 麻雀子, 麻雀 |
| Lichuan | 禾接 | |
| Pingxiang | 麻雀, 麻雀鳥仔, 麻雀仔 | |
| Guixi | 麻雀鳥仂 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 禾鷝仔 |
| Xingning | 禾鷝哩 | |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 麻雀, 麻雀仔, 禾花雀 | |
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 麻雀 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 禾鷝仔 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 麻雀 | |
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 禾烈 | |
| Boluo (Bendihua) | 麻雀哎 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 麻雀 | |
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 鵝鷝仔 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 麻雀仔 | |
| Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 禾鷝哩 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 禾鷝哩 | |
| Wuhua (Changbu) | 禾鷝哩 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 禾雀, 麻雀 | |
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 禾鷝 | |
| Wengyuan | 禾鷝仔 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 禾鷝子 | |
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 禾雀 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 禾鷝仔 | |
| Liannan | 麻雀 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 麻雀 | |
| Jiexi | 禾鷝 | |
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 禾鷝子 | |
| Changting | 禾鷝子, 麻鷝雀哩 | |
| Wuping | 禾鷝子 | |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 禾鷝子 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 禾鷝子 | |
| Liancheng | 禾雀鳥 | |
| Ninghua | 禾鷝子, 禾雀仔 | |
| Yudu | 麻鳥子 | |
| Ningdu | 麻鳥子 | |
| Ruijin | 禾鷝子, 麻鳥子 | |
| Shicheng | 禾雀, 禾雀子 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 麻鳥子 | |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 麻鳥子 | |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 麻鳥子 | |
| Dayu | 麻鳥哩 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屋角鳥 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 屋檐鳥, 禾鷝仔 | |
| Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 屋檐鳥 | |
| Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 屋檐鳥 | |
| Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 屋角鳥 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 屋檐鳥 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 瓦雀 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 屋檐鳥 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 必子鳥, 屋檐鳥, 屋角鳥 | |
| Hong Kong | 禾鷝仔, 麻雀仔 | |
| Yangxi (Tangkou) | 麻雀子 | |
| Yangchun (Sanjia) | 麻雀 | |
| Xinyi (Sihe) | 瓦筒雀 | |
| Xinyi (Qianpai) | 麻雀 | |
| Gaozhou (Xindong) | 禾鷝 | |
| Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 瓦鷝子 | |
| Huazhou (Xin'an) | 瓦雀子 | |
| Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 穀鷝子 | |
| Lianjiang (Qingping) | 鳥子 | |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 麻尾鳥 | |
| Luchuan | 麻麥鳥 | |
| Sabah (Longchuan) | 麻雀 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 麻雀 | |
| Senai (Hepo) | 麻雀, 禾鷝 dated | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 麻雀 |
| Shexian | 麻雀 | |
| Tunxi | 麻雀兒 | |
| Xiuning | 米𪇹兒 | |
| Yixian | 米雀兒 | |
| Qimen | 麻雀兒 | |
| Wuyuan | 童梁, 童梁鳥, 麻雀 | |
| Fuliang | 麻雀 | |
| Dexing | 麻雀鳥 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 雀兒, 家雀兒, 麻雀 |
| Pingyao | 雀兒, 土雀兒, 老家雀 | |
| Xinzhou | 飛鳥兒, 小雀兒 | |
| Linhe | 老家子 | |
| Hohhot | 麻雀, 老家子 | |
| Dongsheng | 老家子 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 家雀兒 | |
| Handan | 小蟲兒 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 毛隻仔, 隻仔 |
| Jian'ou (Dikou) | 黃鷝仔 | |
| Songxi | 雀鳥仔 | |
| Zhenghe | 隻鳥仔 | |
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 雀鳥 | |
| Jianyang | 隻仔 | |
| Wuyishan | 禾隻仔 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 禾味仔, 隻仔 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 隻隻, 隻囝 suburban |
| Changle | 隻隻 | |
| Fuqing | 隻囝 | |
| Yongtai | 隻囝 | |
| Gutian | 隻鳥 | |
| Fu'an | 王鴓 | |
| Ningde | 粟鳥 | |
| Shouning | 鸕鴓 | |
| Zhouning | 隻囝 | |
| Fuding | 麻鳥 | |
| Matsu | 隻隻 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 粟鳥仔 |
| Quanzhou | 粟鳥仔 | |
| Jinjiang | 粟鳥, 雀仔 | |
| Hui'an | 雀仔 | |
| Yongchun | 粟鳥 | |
| Zhangzhou | 粟鳥仔, 厝頭雀仔 | |
| Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 厝頭雀仔 | |
| Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 粟鳥仔 | |
| Zhangpu | 厝頭雀仔 | |
| Dongshan | 松鳥仔 | |
| Taipei | 粟鳥仔 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 粟鳥 | |
| Kaohsiung | 厝角鳥仔 | |
| Yilan | 粟鳥仔 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 粟鳥仔 | |
| Taichung | 厝鳥仔 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 粟鳥仔 | |
| Tainan | 厝角鳥, 厝角鳥仔 | |
| Taitung | 厝鳥仔 | |
| Hsinchu | 粟鳥仔, 厝鳥仔 | |
| Kinmen | 杙鳥仔 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 厝角鳥, 厝鳥 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 粟仔鳥, 麻雀鳥 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 粟鳥仔, 粟鳥, 麻雀 | |
| Datian | 檐賓仔 | |
| Chaozhou | 麻雀 | |
| Shantou | 麻雀 | |
| Jieyang | 麻雀 | |
| Haifeng | 麻雀 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 麻雀 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 麻雀 | |
| Leizhou | 鳥暝 | |
| Wenchang | 鳥暝 | |
| Haikou | 鳥暝 | |
| Qionghai | 雀暝 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 鳥囝 |
| Xianyou | 鳥囝 | |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 麻雀仔, 百家鷂, 禾穀仔 |
| Sanyuan | 斑雀仔 | |
| Shaxian | 雀仔 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 禾花雀 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 偷飯雀, 麻鷝雀, 麻雀 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 麻雀 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 麻鳥 |
| Sanming | 八哥鳥 | |
| Hua'an | 麻雀 | |
| Jingning | 食穀鳥 | |
| Chaozhou | 麻雀 | |
| Fengshun | 禾鷝 | |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 麻雀子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 麻雀, 麻將鳥, 麻將 dated, 麻鳥 dated |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 麻將 | |
| Suzhou | 麻雀 | |
| Wuxi | 麻雀, 麻雀子 | |
| Danyang | 麻雀, 麻雀雀, 麻雀子 | |
| Hangzhou | 麻雀兒, 雀兒 | |
| Ningbo | 麻將 | |
| Wenzhou | 雀兒, 吃穀雀兒 | |
| Jinhua | 麻雀兒, 麻雀 | |
| Jinhua (Tangxi) | 麻雀兒 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 麻雀子, 麻雀 |
| Loudi | 麻雀子 | |
| Shuangfeng | 麻賊子 | |
| Quanzhou | 麻雀 | |
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (麻將):
- → Korean: 마장(麻將) (majang)
Others:
- → English: mahjong
- → Japanese: 麻雀 (mājan)