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单词 鴻
释义

鴻

See also: 鸿
鴻 U+9D3B, 鴻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D3B
← 鴺
[U+9D3A]		CJK Unified Ideographs鴼 →
[U+9D3C]

Translingual

Han character

鴻 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水一竹火 (EMHF) or X水一竹火 (XEMHF), four-corner 37127, composition ⿰江鳥 or ⿰氵䲨)

  1. species of wild swan
  2. vast

References

  • KangXi: page 1488, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46874
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2019, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4632, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9D3B

Chinese

trad.鴻
simp.鸿
alternative forms䲨／𬷾
𩾯／⿰氵鸟
𪀤
𪅯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑*kluːmʔ
涳*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江*kroːŋ
肛*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛*kroːŋ
杠*kroːŋ
豇*kroːŋ
茳*kroːŋ
釭*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼*kroːŋ
玒*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔*kʰroːŋ
崆*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫*kʰroːŋ
控*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌*qʰroːŋ
谾*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡*qʰroːŋ
缻*ɡroːŋ
項*ɡroːŋʔ
屸*ɡ·roːŋ
功*koːŋ
工*koːŋ
疘*koːŋ
魟*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩*koːŋ
碽*koːŋ
貢*koːŋs
羾*koːŋs
空*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜*kʰoːŋ
硿*kʰoːŋ
埪*kʰoːŋ
鵼*kʰoːŋ
倥*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚*kʰoːŋs
叿*qʰoːŋ
嗊*qʰoːŋʔ
訌*ɡoːŋ
紅*ɡoːŋ
仜*ɡoːŋ
葒*ɡoːŋ
渱*ɡoːŋ
鴻*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞*ɡoːŋʔ
澒*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏*koŋʔ
巩*koŋʔ
銎*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩*ɡoŋ
筇*ɡoŋ
桏*ɡoŋ
邛*ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥／鸟 (“bird”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hóng (hong2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): hung4
  • Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fung2
  • Min Bei (KCR): ǒ̤ng
  • Min Dong (BUC): hūng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): hông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hong5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): hhon (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
      • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
      • Wade–Giles: hung2
      • Yale: húng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
      • Palladius: хун (xun)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: hung4
      • Yale: hùhng
      • Cantonese Pinyin: hung4
      • Guangdong Romanization: hung4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ²¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: fung2
      • Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɔŋ²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: hūng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /huŋ³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
      • Tâi-lô: hông
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
      • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
      • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: hong5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hhon (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɦʊŋ²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /ɦuŋ/, /ɦuŋX/
Rime
Character鴻鴻
Reading #1/22/2
Initial (聲)匣 (33)匣 (33)
Final (韻)東 (1)東 (1)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)OpenOpen
Division (等)II
Fanqie戸公切胡孔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɦuŋ//ɦuŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɦuŋ//ɦuŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɣuŋ//ɣuŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɦəwŋ//ɦəwŋX/
Li
Rong		/ɣuŋ//ɣuŋX/
Wang
Li		/ɣuŋ//ɣuŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ɣuŋ//ɣuŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		hónghòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		hung4hung6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːŋ/, /*ɡoːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character鴻
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		hóng
Middle
Chinese		‹ huwng ›
Old
Chinese		/*[ɡ]ˁoŋ/
Englishkind of wild goose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character鴻鴻
Reading #1/22/2
No.40614062
Phonetic
component		工工
Rime
group		東東
Rime
subdivision		00
Corresponding
MC rime		洪澒
Old
Chinese		/*ɡoːŋ//*ɡoːŋʔ/

Definitions

鴻

  1. (literary) swan
  2. (literary) swan goose
  3. (literary, figuratively) letter; epistle; written message
  4. (literary) of great size; big; large; huge
  5. (literary) strong; powerful; energetic

Synonyms

  • (swan): (literary) 鴻鵠／鸿鹄 (hónghú), (literary) 鵠／鹄 (hú), 天鵝／天鹅 (tiān'é)
Dialectal synonyms of 大雁 (“swan goose”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese鴻雁, 鴻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)大雁, 鴻雁
MandarinHarbin大雁
Yantai (Muping)老雁
Jinan大雁, 雁
Luoyang大雁, 雁
Wanrong雁
Xi'an大雁
Yinchuan雁
Xining咕嚕雁, 雁兒
Ürümqi大雁
Wuhan雁
Chengdu大雁, 雁鵝
Guiyang雁鵝
Guilin大雁
Liuzhou大雁
Xuzhou大雁
Yangzhou大雁
Nanjing雁子, 大雁子
Mae Salong (Lancang)大雁
Mae Sai (Tengchong)大雁
CantoneseDongguan雁鵝, 雁
Beihai雁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)大雁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)大雁
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)雁
Móng Cái雁鵝
GanNanchang雁鵝
Lichuan雁
Pingxiang雁鵝
HakkaMeixian雁鵝
Yudu雁鵝
Miaoli (N. Sixian)雁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)雁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)雁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)雁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)雁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)雁
HuizhouJixi雁
JinTaiyuan大雁
Xinzhou雁兒
Min DongFuzhou雁
Min NanLeizhou雁鳥, 鵠鶴
Haikou雁鳥
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)雁
WuShanghai大雁, 雁鵝
Danyang雁
Hangzhou雁鵝
Ningbo雁鵝
Zhoushan雁鵝
XiangChangsha雁子, 雁鵝
Loudi雁, 雁阿
  • (letter):
edit
Synonyms of 鴻
  • (of great size): 大 (dà)
  • (strong): 強／强 (qiáng)

Compounds

Derived terms from 鴻

References

  • “鴻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

鴻

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. a large bird
  2. a wild goose
  3. large/great
  4. powerful
  5. prosperous

Readings

  • Go-on: ぐ (gu)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kun: おおとり (ōtori, 鴻)←おほとり (ofotori, historical); ひしくい (hishikui, 鴻)←ひしくひ (fisikufi, historical)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
鴻
ひしくい
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) ひしくい [hìshíkúí] (Heiban – [0])
    • (Tokyo) ひしく​い [hìshíkúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
    • IPA(key): [çi̥ɕikɯ̟ᵝi]

Noun

鴻(ひしくい) • (hishikui) ←ひしくひ (fisikufi)?

  1. Alternative spelling of 菱食 (“taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis)”)

Korean

Hanja

鴻 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鴻: Hán Nôm readings: hồng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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