鴆

See also: 鸩

鴆	U+9D06, 鴆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D06

← 鴅
[U+9D05]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鴇 →
[U+9D07]

Translingual

Han character

鴆 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+4, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中山竹日火 (LUHAF), four-corner 4702₇, composition ⿰冘鳥)

References

KangXi: page 1484, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46727
Dae Jaweon: page 2016, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4621, character 6
Unihan data for U+9D06

Chinese

trad.		鴆
simp.		鸩
alternative forms		酖／鸩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鴆
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冘	lu, lum
抌	lu, ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖	*lus
貁	*lus
耽	*ʔl'uːm
眈	ʔl'uːm, ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖	*ʔl'uːm
妉	*ʔl'uːm
黕	*ʔl'uːmʔ
衴	*ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭	*ʔl'uːmʔ
馾	*ʔl'uːms
髧	*l'uːmʔ
紞	*ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂	zlum, l'um
沈	l'um, l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉	*l'um
枕	l'um, ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐	*l'um
霃	*l'um
鴆	*l'ums
訦	ɦljum, ɦljumʔ
忱	*ɦljum
邥	*hljumʔ
魫	*hljumʔ

Etymology

Same word as 酖 (OC *l'ums, “to poison (v.); poison (n.)”) (e.g. in Zuozhuan, "Xi 30"), exopassive of 沈 (OC *l'um, “to put poison in liquid”) (e.g. in Rites of Zhou ) (Schuessler, 2007). See 沈 & 沉 (chén) for further etymology.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhèn (zhen⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zam⁶
Min Nan (POJ): thim

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
  - Wade–Giles: chên⁴
  - Yale: jèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
  - Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zam⁶
  - Yale: jahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thim
  - Tâi-lô: thim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰim³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰim⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɖˠiɪm^H/

Rime
Character	鴆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直禁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚim^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiem^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjim^H/
Li Rong	/ȡjəm^H/
Wang Li	/ȡĭĕm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯əm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]r[ə]m-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*l'ums/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鴆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèn
Middle Chinese	‹ drim^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[l]r[ə]m-s/
English	poison (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鴆
Reading #	1/1
No.	15260
Phonetic component	冘
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鴆
Old Chinese	/*l'ums/

Definitions

鴆

(Chinese mythology) the zhenniao (a hawk-like, snake-eating bird with poisonous feathers)
- 吾令鴆為媒兮，鴆告余以不好。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吾令鸩为媒兮，鸩告余以不好。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  Wú lìng zhèn wéi méi xī, zhèn gào yú yǐ bùhǎo. [Pinyin]
  I bade the zhen-bird to be my go-between; the zhen-bird told me: "Not good!"
- 又東北百二十里，曰女几之山，……其鳥多白鷮，多翟，多鴆。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  又东北百二十里，曰女几之山，……其鸟多白𱉬，多翟，多鸩。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
  Yòu dōngběi bǎi'èrshí lǐ, yuē Nǚjī zhī shān,...... Qí niǎo duō báijiāo, duō dí, duō zhèn. [Pinyin]
  120-li more northeastwards, [there's a place] called Mount Nüji; [...] as for the birds, there are many white jiāo-pheasants, many dí-pheasants, and many zhèn-hawks.
poisonous
- 太后怒，乃令人酌兩卮鴆酒置前，令齊王為壽。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  太后怒，乃令人酌两卮鸩酒置前，令齐王为寿。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Tàihòu nù, nǎi lìng rén zhuó liǎng zhī zhènjiǔ zhì qián, lìng Qíwáng wéishòu. [Pinyin]
  The Empress Dowager was angry; so she ordered her manservant to pour two goblets of poisonous / poisoned liquor and put those in front, and ordered the Prince of Qi to drink for her longevity.
to poison
- 溫之會，晉人執衛成公歸之于周，使醫鴆之，不死，醫亦不誅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  温之会，晋人执卫成公归之于周，使医鸩之，不死，医亦不诛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Wēn zhī huì, Jìnrén zhí Wèi Chénggōng guī zhī yú Zhōu, shǐ yī zhèn zhī, bù sǐ, yī yì bù zhū. [Pinyin]
  At the assembly at Wen, the men of Jin held Duke Cheng of Wey captive and returned him to Zhou. They dispatched a physician to poison him; he did not die, and the physician was not executed also.
poison
- 公田，驪姬受福，乃置鴆于酒，置堇于肉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  公田，骊姬受福，乃置鸩于酒，置堇于肉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Gōng tián, Líjī shòufú, nǎi zhì zhèn yú jiǔ, zhì jǐn yú ròu. [Pinyin]
  The Duke went out hunting; Li Ji accepted the blessings. Then she put poison in the liquor and put aconite's bane in the meats.

Compounds

宴安鴆毒／宴安鸩毒
止渴飲鴆／止渴饮鸩
燕安鴆毒／燕安鸩毒
飲鴆止渴／饮鸩止渴 (yǐnzhènzhǐkě)

鴆媒／鸩媒
鴆害／鸩害
鴆殺／鸩杀 (zhènshā)
鴆毒／鸩毒

鴆湯／鸩汤
鴆酒／鸩酒 (zhènjiǔ)
鴆鳥／鸩鸟 (zhènniǎo)

Usage notes

According to Guo Pu, two different kinds of birds are named 鴆／鸩 (zhèn):[1][2][3]

the poisonous, snake-eating, hawk-like birds; and
the pheasant-like birds that eat noxious bugs called fěi (蜚), .

References

Guo Pu & Wu Renchen. Classic of Mountains and Seas - Extensively Commentated, "Vol. 5". Siku Quanshu version, pp. 171, 200 of 229
The Classic of mountains and seas. Translated by Anne Birrell. Penguin Classics. 1999. pp. 85–90.
A Chinese bestiary: strange creatures from the guideways through mountains and seas. Translated by Richard E. Strassberg. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 2002. pp. 152–157.

Japanese

Kanji

鴆

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): ちん (chin)

Korean

Hanja

鴆 (eum 짐 (jim))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鴆: Hán Nôm readings: chũm, trấm, chậm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Guo Pu & Wu Renchen. Classic of Mountains and Seas - Extensively Commentated, "Vol. 5". Siku Quanshu version, pp. 171, 200 of 229

[2] The Classic of mountains and seas. Translated by Anne Birrell. Penguin Classics. 1999. pp. 85–90.

[3] A Chinese bestiary: strange creatures from the guideways through mountains and seas. Translated by Richard E. Strassberg. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 2002. pp. 152–157.