鳥

See also: 烏, 焉, 舄, and 鸟

鳥	U+9CE5, 鳥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE5

← 鳤
[U+9CE4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鳦 →
[U+9CE6]

⿃	U+2FC3, ⿃ KANGXI RADICAL BIRD

← ⿂
[U+2FC2]

Kangxi Radicals

⿄ →
[U+2FC4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

鳥 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜火 (HAYF), four-corner 2732₇, composition ⿴烏一)

Kangxi radical #196, ⿃.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/鳥
𠌵, 𡡅, 𡰎, 嶋, 𢄦, 㨶, 𤡕, 隝, 𭧘, 樢(㭤), 殦, 瞗, 𭿼, 𧜣, 𦄋, 𦉓, 翵, 鵤, 𧽪, 𨄙, 鿂, 𩘲, 𬳥, 𭿱, 鷠, 𪋞
𠞸, 鄥, 𣦘, 𫼃, 𪾖, 𦾉, 𩘵, 𡃸, 㠀, 䙚, 𦠂, 𠟀, 嶌, 蔦(茑), 窵(窎), 穒, 䉆, 𤹷, 𨶠, 𡈙

References

KangXi: page 1480, character 52

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46634

Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 25

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 1

Unihan data for U+9CE5

Chinese

trad.		鳥
simp.		鸟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鳥
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (鳥) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
島	*tuːwʔ
搗	*taːwʔ
鵃	rtɯːw, rtɯːw, *tjiw
瞗	*tɯːw
鳥	*tɯːwʔ
蔦	tɯːwʔ, tɯːws
窵	*tɯːws

Pictogram (象形) : a bird with a dangling tail.

Compare 烏, which is very similar, of similar origin, and 隹, which originated from a similar image of a bird, but is today rather more abstract and less recognizable. Compare to Egyptian 𓄿

Etymology

Originally pronounced with a /t-/ initial (compare 島 (OC *tuːwʔ, “island”)). In many dialects, it changed to a /n-/ initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word 屌 (diǎo, “penis”), which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slang for genitalia; compare 雀 (“sparrow > penis”) and 雞 (“chicken > penis”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) hypothesised that the /n-/ initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the /t-/ form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; compare Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (“bird”), whence Thai นก (nók).

The /t-/ form may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”), cognate with Proto-Karen *thoᴮ (“bird”) and Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): niǎo (niao³)
(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄠˇ
(Chengdu, SP): nyiao³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): niu⁵
(Taishan, Wiktionary): niau⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): nyieu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tiâu / niâu / to̍k / tio̍k
(Meixian, Guangdong): diau¹
Jin (Wiktionary): niau²
Min Bei (KCR): niǎu
Min Dong (BUC): cēu / nēu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chiáu / niáu
(Teochew, Peng'im): ziao² / ziou²
Wu (Wiktionary): tiau (T2); 'nyau (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): diau³ / nyiau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niǎo
  - Wade–Giles: niao³
  - Yale: nyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neau
  - Palladius: няо (njao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /njɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (鳥兒／鸟儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niǎor
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niǎor
  - Wade–Giles: niaorh³
  - Yale: nyǎur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neaul
  - Palladius: няор (njaor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /njaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiao³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲiau⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: niu⁵
  - Yale: níuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: niu⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: niu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: niau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdiau²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyieu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiɛu²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâu / niâu / to̍k / tio̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: diau´ / niau´ / dog / diog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: diau¹ / niau¹ / dog⁶ / diog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ti̯au̯²⁴/, /ni̯au̯²⁴/, /tok̚⁵/, /ti̯ok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: diau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tiau⁴⁴/

Note:

tiâu - vernacular;
niâu - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: niau²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /niau⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niǎu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niau²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cēu / nēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛu³³/, /nˡɛu³³/

Note:

cēu - vernacular;
nēu - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕiau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu
  - Tâi-lô: niáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: niao
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /niãu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /niãu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /niãu⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

chiáu - vernacular;
niáu - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziao² / ziou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiáu / tsióu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau⁵²/, /t͡siou⁵²/

Note:

ziao2 - Shantou;
ziou2 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tiau (T2); 'nyau (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɔ³⁴/, /ʔn̠ʲɔ³⁴/

Note:

2tiau - (older speakers) vernacular;
2'nyau - literary, (younger speakers) vernacular.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: diau³ / nyiau³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɒu⁴¹/, /n̠ʲiɒu⁴¹/

Note:

diau3 - vernacular;
nyiau3 - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 鳥
Mandarin	Beijing	/niɑu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/niau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/niɑu¹³/
	Jinan	/tiɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/niɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/niau⁵³/
	Xi'an	/niau⁵³/
	Xining	/ȵiɔ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/niɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵiɔ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ȵiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/niau⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ȵiau⁵³/
	Guiyang	/niao⁴²/
	Kunming	/niɔ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/liɔo²¹²/
	Hefei	/liɔ⁵⁵/ /tiɔ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niau⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ȵiɔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/niɔ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/tiɔ⁵³/ /ȵiɔ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ȵiæ⁵¹/ /tiæ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiɔ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/niɔ³⁵/ 飛～ /tiɔ³⁵/ 啄木～
Hui	Tunxi	/liun²⁴/ /lin²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵiau⁴¹/ /tiau⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/tiaɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/tiau⁴⁴/ ～兒 /tiau³¹/ 罵人話
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋiɑu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/niu²³/
	Nanning	/tiu³⁵/ /niu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/niu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tiau⁵³/ /niau⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sɛu³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/niau²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡siau⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡siau²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /teu^X/

Rime
Character	鳥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都了切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/teu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/teu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛw^X/
Li Rong	/teu^X/
Wang Li	/tieu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	diu²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤiwʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*tɯːwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鳥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tew^X ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁiwʔ/
English	bird
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鳥
Reading #	1/1
No.	9511
Phonetic component	鳥
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	鳥
Old Chinese	/*tɯːwʔ/

Definitions

鳥

bird (Classifier: 隻／只 m; 群 m)
養鳥／养鸟 ― yǎngniǎo ― to breed birds
(slang, dialectal) to pay attention; to heed; to take notice of
我才不鳥他。／我才不鸟他。 ― Wǒ cái bù niǎo tā. ― I don't give a damn about him.
(vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) unpleasant thing
什麼鳥?!／什么鸟?! ― shénme niǎo?! ― What the fuck?!
(vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) inferior or objectionable (a general term of disparagement)
這事情太鳥了！／这事情太鸟了！ ― Zhè shìqíng tài niǎo le! ― This thing really sucks!

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鳥 (“bird”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鳥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鳥
Taxonomic name		鳥
Mandarin	Beijing	鳥兒
	Taiwan	鳥
	Tianjin	鳥兒
	Tangshan	鳥兒
	Cangzhou	鳥兒
	Baoding	鳥兒
	Shijiazhuang	鳥兒
	Chifeng	鳥兒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	鳥兒
	Harbin	鳥兒
	Shenyang	鳥兒
	Qingdao	家雀兒
	Jinan	鳥, 鳥兒
	Luoyang	蟲蟻兒
	Wanrong	蟲蟻兒
	Zhengzhou	蟲蟻兒
	Xi'an	鳥兒, 蟲蟻兒
	Yinchuan	鳥鳥子, 鳥兒
	Lanzhou	鳥兒
	Xining	雀兒
	Ürümqi	鳥, 雀娃子
	Wuhan	雀子
	Chengdu	雀雀, 雀兒, 鳥兒 formal, 鳥
	Chongqing	鳥, 雀兒
	Guiyang	鳥
	Kunming	鳥, 小雀
	Guilin	鳥, 鳥崽
	Liuzhou	鳥, 鳥崽
	Xuzhou	鳥兒, 鳥
	Yangzhou	雀子
	Nanjing	鳥, 雀子, 雀兒
	Hefei	鳥, 雀子
	Nantong	雀兒
	Malaysia	鳥
	Singapore	鳥, 小鳥
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	雀兒, 雀雀子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	雀仔, 雀
	Hong Kong	雀仔, 雀
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	雀仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	雀仔, 雀
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	雀仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	雀仔
	Macau	雀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	雀仔
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	雀仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	雀仔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	甩仔
	Foshan	雀仔
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	雀仔
	Foshan (Shunde)	雀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	雀仔
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	雀仔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	雀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	雀
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	雀仔
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	雀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	雀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	雀
	Taishan	雀仔, 雀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	雀
	Enping (Niujiang)	雀
	Heshan (Yayao)	雀
	Dongguan	雀仔, 鷝仔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	雀
	Qingyuan	雀仔
	Fogang	雀仔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	鳥仔
	Yangshan	雀仔
	Lianshan (Butian)	雀兒
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	雀仔
	Shaoguan	雀仔
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	雀仔
	Renhua	雀仔, 鳥仔
	Lechang	雀仔
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	雀仔
	Sihui	雀仔
	Guangning	雀仔
	Deqing	雀兒, 鳥
	Huaiji	雀仔
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	竹仔
	Yunfu	雀仔
	Xinxing	雀仔
	Luoding	雀仔
	Yunan (Pingtai)	雀兒
	Yangjiang	雀仔
	Xinyi	雀
	Lianjiang	雀仔
	Nanning	雀仔
	Wuzhou	雀仔
	Yulin	雀, 雀兒
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	雀兒
	Hepu (Shatian)	雀兒, 鳥
	Guiping	雀
	Mengshan (Xihe)	雀
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	雀
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	雀
	Baise	雀
	Bobai	鳥
	Lingshan	雀
	Pubei	雀
Qinzhou	雀
Beihai	雀
Beihai (Nankang)	雀仔
Beihai (Yingpan)	雀
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	雀仔
Ningming	雀
Hengxian	雀
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	雀仔
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	雀仔
Singapore (Guangfu)	雀仔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	雀
Móng Cái	雀仔
Gan	Nanchang	雀子
	Lichuan	鳥兒
	Pingxiang	鳥
Hakka	Meixian	鳥仔
	Dabu (Xihe)	鳥兒
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	雀仔, 雀
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	雀
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	雀哩
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	雀仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	鳥仔
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	雀哩
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	烈
	Boluo (Bendihua)	雀哎
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	鳥仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	鳥仔
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	鳥哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	鳥哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	鳥哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	鳥哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	雀
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	雀
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	雀哎
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	雀哎
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	鷝子, 鳥, 雀
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	雀, 鳥
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	鳥
	Wengyuan	鳥子
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	鳥
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	鳥
	Liannan	鳥仔
	Conghua (Lütian)	鳥
	Jiexi	鳥
	Luhe	鳥仔
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	鳥
	Changting	鳥哩
	Wuping (Yanqian)	鳥子
	Ninghua	鳥子
	Yudu	鳥子, 鳥
	Ningdu	鳥子
	Tonggu (Sandu)	鳥子
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	鳥子
	Dayu	鳥
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鳥仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鳥仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	鳥仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	鳥
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	鳥仔, 鳥
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鳥
	Hong Kong	鳥仔
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	鳥子
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	鳥
	Xinyi (Sihe)	鳥仔
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	鳥
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	鳥仔
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	鳥
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	雀子
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	鳥
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	鳥
	Mengshan (Xihe)	鳥
	Luchuan	鳥
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	鳥
	Bobai (Shahe)	鳥
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	雀
	Mashan (Pianlian)	鳥
	Sabah (Longchuan)	鳥仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	鳥
	Senai (Huiyang)	鳥
Singkawang	鳥
Singapore (Meixian)	鳥仔
Singapore (Dabu)	鳥子
Huizhou	Shexian	鳥
Jin	Taiyuan	鳥兒
	Xinzhou	鳥兒
	Linhe	鳥
	Jining	鳥兒
	Hohhot	鳥兒
	Zhangjiakou	鳥兒
	Handan	鳥兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	隻仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	鳥
	Fuqing	鳥
	Matsu	鳥囝
Min Nan	Xiamen	鳥仔, 鳥隻
	Quanzhou	鳥仔, 鳥隻
	Zhangzhou	鳥仔, 鳥隻
	Zhao'an	鳥仔
	Kaohsiung	鳥仔
	Yilan	鳥仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	鳥仔
	Taichung	鳥仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	鳥仔
	Tainan	鳥仔
	Taitung	鳥仔
	Hsinchu	鳥仔
	Penghu (Magong)	鳥
	Penang (Hokkien)	鳥
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鳥
	Manila (Hokkien)	鳥
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	鳥
	Chaozhou	鳥
	Shantou	鳥
	Haifeng	鳥
	Bangkok (Teochew)	鳥
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	鳥
	Singapore (Teochew)	鳥
	Leizhou	鳥
	Haikou	鳥
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鳥
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	鳥
Wu	Shanghai	鳥
	Shanghai (Chongming)	將
	Suzhou	鳥
	Danyang	雀子
	Hangzhou	鳥, 鳥兒
	Ningbo	鳥
	Wenzhou	鳥
Xiang	Changsha	鳥
	Loudi	鳥唧
	Quanzhou	鳥

Compounds

Derived terms from 鳥

一石二鳥／一石二鸟 (yīshí'èrniǎo)
一石兩鳥／一石两鸟
丹鳥／丹鸟
九官鳥／九官鸟 (jiǔguānniǎo)
九頭鳥／九头鸟
了鳥／了鸟
人為財死，鳥為食亡／人为财死，鸟为食亡 (rén wèi cái sǐ, niǎo wèi shí wáng)
伯勞鳥／伯劳鸟 (bóláoniǎo)
伺晨鳥／伺晨鸟
伽藍鳥／伽蓝鸟 (qiélánniǎo)
保護鳥／保护鸟
信鳥／信鸟
候鳥／候鸟 (hòuniǎo)
倦鳥知返／倦鸟知返
催明鳥／催明鸟
傷弓之鳥／伤弓之鸟
八色鳥／八色鸟
共命鳥／共命鸟
出籠鳥／出笼鸟
出頭鳥／出头鸟
反舌鳥／反舌鸟
同命鳥／同命鸟
同林鳥／同林鸟
呆鳥／呆鸟
啄木鳥／啄木鸟 (zhuómùniǎo)
坌鳥先飛／坌鸟先飞
夏候鳥／夏候鸟
天堂鳥／天堂鸟 (tiāntángniǎo)
太陽鳥／太阳鸟
好鳥／好鸟 (hǎoniǎo)
如鳥獸散／如鸟兽散
始祖鳥／始祖鸟 (shǐzǔniǎo)
孝鳥／孝鸟
孤鳥／孤鸟
害鳥／害鸟 (hàiniǎo)
小鳥依人／小鸟依人 (xiǎoniǎoyīrén)
屁鳥人／屁鸟人
崎嶇鳥道／崎岖鸟道
布穀鳥／布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo)
干鳥／干鸟
干鳥氣／干鸟气
恐鳥／恐鸟 (kǒngniǎo)
撮鳥／撮鸟
攛哄鳥亂／撺哄鸟乱
文鳥／文鸟
暗光鳥／暗光鸟 (àm-kong-chiáu) (Min Nan)
朱鳥／朱鸟
梟鳥／枭鸟 (xiāoniǎo)
極樂鳥／极乐鸟 (jílèniǎo)
橿鳥／橿鸟 (jiāngniǎo)
檻猿籠鳥／槛猿笼鸟
比翼鳥／比翼鸟 (bǐyìniǎo)
水鳥／水鸟 (shuǐniǎo)
池魚籠鳥／池鱼笼鸟
漂鳥／漂鸟
火鳥／火鸟
烏鳥之情／乌鸟之情
烏鳥私情／乌鸟私情
無翼鳥／无翼鸟 (wúyìniǎo)
熊經鳥申／熊经鸟申
犀鳥／犀鸟 (xīniǎo)

獵鳥／猎鸟
獸聚鳥散／兽聚鸟散
玄鳥／玄鸟
玄鳥氏／玄鸟氏
琴鳥／琴鸟 (qínniǎo)
留鳥／留鸟 (liúniǎo)
白鳥／白鸟 (báiniǎo)
百靈鳥／百灵鸟 (bǎilíngniǎo)
百鳥／百鸟 (bǎiniǎo)
百鳥朝鳳／百鸟朝凤 (bǎiniǎocháofèng)
益鳥／益鸟 (yìniǎo)
相思鳥／相思鸟
知更鳥／知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo)
禽息鳥視／禽息鸟视
禽鳥／禽鸟 (qínniǎo)
窮鳥入懷／穷鸟入怀
笨鳥先飛／笨鸟先飞 (bènniǎoxiānfēi)
籠中之鳥／笼中之鸟
籠中窮鳥／笼中穷鸟
籠中鳥／笼中鸟
籠鳥檻猿／笼鸟槛猿
粉鳥／粉鸟 (hún-chiáu) (Min Nan)
精鳥賬／精鸟账
綬帶鳥／绶带鸟
羅含夢鳥／罗含梦鸟
羊腸鳥道／羊肠鸟道
翠鳥／翠鸟 (cuìniǎo)
翳鳥／翳鸟
老鳥／老鸟 (lǎoniǎo)
能言鳥／能言鸟 (néngyánniǎo)
花香鳥語／花香鸟语
花鳥使／花鸟使
花鳥畫／花鸟画
菜鳥／菜鸟 (càiniǎo)
蒼鳥／苍鸟
蜂鳥／蜂鸟 (fēngniǎo)
象鳥／象鸟
越鳥／越鸟 (yuèniǎo)
越鳥南棲／越鸟南栖
軍艦鳥／军舰鸟
遛鳥／遛鸟 (liùniǎo)
野鳥／野鸟 (yěniǎo)
錦花鳥／锦花鸟
鐵鳥／铁鸟 (tiěniǎo)
長頸鳥喙／长颈鸟喙
陽鳥／阳鸟
隴鳥／陇鸟
雛鳥／雏鸟 (chúniǎo)
雷鳥／雷鸟 (léiniǎo)
青鳥／青鸟
韓朋鳥／韩朋鸟
飛鳥／飞鸟 (fēiniǎo)
飛鳥使／飞鸟使
飛鳥依人／飞鸟依人
駝鳥／驼鸟
駝鳥政策／驼鸟政策
驚弓之鳥／惊弓之鸟 (jīnggōngzhīniǎo)
魚潰鳥散／鱼溃鸟散
魚驚鳥散／鱼惊鸟散
魚鳥／鱼鸟

鰹鳥／鲣鸟 (jiānniǎo)
鱉鳥／鳖鸟
鳥人／鸟人 (diǎorén)
鳥信／鸟信
鳥卜／鸟卜
鳥喙／鸟喙 (niǎohuì)
鳥嘴銃／鸟嘴铳
鳥囀／鸟啭
鳥園／鸟园
鳥夷／鸟夷
鳥媒花／鸟媒花
鳥尾花／鸟尾花
鳥屋／鸟屋
鳥嶼／鸟屿 (Niǎoyǔ)
鳥巢／鸟巢 (niǎocháo)
鳥庭／鸟庭
鳥房／鸟房
鳥散／鸟散
鳥散魚潰／鸟散鱼溃
鳥松／鸟松 (Niǎosōng)
鳥梨／鸟梨
鳥槍／鸟枪 (niǎoqiāng)
鳥爪／鸟爪
鳥獸／鸟兽 (niǎoshòu)
鳥獸散／鸟兽散
鳥獸行／鸟兽行
鳥王／鸟王
鳥盡弓藏／鸟尽弓藏 (niǎojìngōngcáng)
鳥瞰／鸟瞰 (niǎokàn)
鳥窩／鸟窝 (niǎowō)
鳥篆／鸟篆
鳥籠／鸟笼 (niǎolóng)
鳥糞層／鸟粪层
鳥紋／鸟纹
鳥舉／鸟举
鳥葬／鸟葬
鳥蟲書／鸟虫书
鳥裡鳥氣／鸟里鸟气
鳥語／鸟语 (niǎoyǔ)
鳥語花香／鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
鳥道／鸟道
鳥道羊腸／鸟道羊肠
鳥銃／鸟铳 (niǎochòng)
鳥集鱗萃／鸟集鳞萃
鳥面鵠形／鸟面鹄形
鳥革翬飛／鸟革翚飞
鳥類／鸟类 (niǎolèi)
鳥食／鸟食
鳥驚魚潰／鸟惊鱼溃
鳥鼠／鸟鼠 (niáu-chhí) (Min Nan)
鴇鳥／鸨鸟
鴕鳥／鸵鸟 (tuóniǎo)
鴕鳥蛋／鸵鸟蛋
鵠面鳥形／鹄面鸟形
鶉鳥／鹑鸟
鷗鳥忘機／鸥鸟忘机
鷙鳥／鸷鸟 (zhìniǎo)
鷙鳥不群／鸷鸟不群
黃鳥／黄鸟 (huángniǎo)
龜文鳥跡／龟文鸟迹

Descendants

→ Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diǎo (diao³)
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄠˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diǎo
  - Wade–Giles: tiao³
  - Yale: dyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: deau
  - Palladius: дяо (djao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tjɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Definitions

鳥

(vulgar) Alternative form of 屌 (diǎo).
1. penis
2. (intensifier) damned; goddamn
  你這鳥人！／你这鸟人！ ― Nǐ zhè diǎorén! ― You fucking prick!

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鳥):

→ Japanese: 鳥(ちょう) (chō)
→ Korean: 조(鳥) (jo)
→ Vietnamese: điểu (鳥)

Others:

→ Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

Japanese

Kanji

鳥

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
Kun: とり (tori, 鳥, Jōyō); と (to)
Nanori: か (ka)

Compounds

鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん) (chōkan)
鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん)図(ず) (chōkanzu)
鳥(ちょう)獣(じゅう) (chōjū)
鳥(ちょう)葬(そう) (chōsō)
鳥(ちょう)類(るい) (chōrui, “bird, birds; avian”)
愛(あい)鳥(ちょう) (aichō, “beloved bird; love for birds”)
益(えき)鳥(ちょう) (ekichō, “beneficial bird”)
害(がい)鳥(ちょう) (gaichō, “harmful bird”)
伽(カ)藍(ラン)鳥(チョウ) (karanchō, “pelican”)
七(シチ)面(メン)鳥(チョウ) (shichimenchō, “turkey”)
慈(ジ)鳥(チョウ) (jichō, “crow, raven”)
人(ジン)鳥(チョウ) (jinchō, “penguin”)
駝(ダ)鳥(チョウ) (dachō, “ostrich”)
火(ひ)の鳥(とり) (hi no tori, “phoenix”, in Western mythology)
不(ふ)死(し)鳥(ちょう) (fushichō, “undying bird”)
雷(ライ)鳥(チョウ) (raichō, “ptarmigan, a snow grouse”)
雷(らい)神(じん)鳥(ちょう) (raijinchō, “thunderbird”)

Etymology 1

鳥 (tori): various kinds of birds.

Kanji in this term
鳥
とり Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨to₂ri⟩ → /tori/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Probably cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆰ (tolk), modern Korean 닭 (dak, “fowl; chicken”).

May also be related to the Japanese verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to fly”).

Alternative forms

(usually a chicken): 鶏
禽 (rare)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) とり [tòrí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [to̞ɾʲi]

Noun

鳥(とり) • (tori)

a bird
- 1999 July 5, “タクヒ [Takuhi]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
  このトリが現(あらわ)れた時(とき)は、何(なに)か不(ふ)吉(きつ)な事(こと)が起(お)こる前(まえ)ぶれ。
  Kono tori ga arawareta toki wa, nani ka fukitsu na koto ga okoru maebure.
  This bird brings bad luck to wherever it comes.
- 1999 August 26, “セイント・バード [Saint Bird]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
  非(ひ)常(じょう)に尾(お)の長(なが)い鳥(とり)。全(ぜん)身(しん)から聖(せい)なる光(ひかり)を発(はっ)する。
  Hijō ni o no nagai tori. Zenshin kara seinaru hikari o hassuru.
  A bird with an unusually long tail. It illuminates with holy light.
a chicken
- 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 16, poem 939; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 62)
  夜(よ)をこめて鳥(とり)のそらねははかるともよに逢坂(あふさか)の関(せき)はゆるさじ
  yo o komete tori no sorane wa hakaru tomo yo ni Ōsaka-no-seki wa yurusaji
  Try if you wish to fool others with rooster calls in the depths of night―but still closed to your passage will be the gate at Meeting Hill.[3]
fowl or chicken meat

Derived terms

酉(とり) (Tori): the Cock in the Chinese zodiac
鳥(とり)居(い) (torii, “torii gate”, literally "bird stand, bird perch")
鳥(とり)インフルエンザ (tori infuruenza, “avian influenza, bird flu”)
鳥籠(とりかご) (torikago, “birdcage”)
鳥(とり)刺(さ)し (torisashi, “chicken sashimi, raw chicken meat”)
信天翁(アホウドリ) (ahōdori, “albatross”)
臼(うす)辺(べ)鳥(どり) (usubedori): chicken (bird)
鴛鴦(おしどり) (oshidori, “mandarin duck”)
鶏(にわとり) (niwatori, “chicken”)

Proper noun

鳥(とり) • (Tori)

a surname
a unisex given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鳥
と Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨to₂ri⟩ → ⟨*to₂⟩ → /to/

From Old Japanese.[4][5] Appears to be a shift from tori above.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [to̞]

The pitch accent is determined by the entire word.

Prefix

鳥(と) • (to-)

a bird
(more specifically) a chicken

Usage notes

Appears in old compounds. Does not appear to be productive in modern Japanese.

Derived terms

鳥(と)網(あみ) (toami, “fowling net, bird net”)
鳥(と)狩(が)り (togari, “bird hunting; bird hunter”)
鳥(と)栖(ぐら) (togura, “bird coop, chicken coop”)
鶏(と)冠(さか) (tosaka, “cockscomb, crest on a bird's head”)
鳥屋(とや) (toya, “bird coop, chicken coop”)

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 225
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鳥 (MC teu^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	됴ᇢ〯 (Yale: tyǒw)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	새〯 (Yale: sǎy)	됴〮 (Yale: tyó)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [조]

Hanja

Wikisource鳥 (eumhun 새 조 (sae jo))

Hanja form^? of 조 (“bird”). [affix]

Compounds

백조 (白鳥, baekjo)
조류 (鳥類, joryu)
불사조 (不死鳥, bulsajo)
일석이조 (一石二鳥, ilseogijo)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

鳥

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

bird
chicken

Readings

Kun: とぅい (tui, 鳥)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鳥
とぅい Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Derived from Japanese 鳥 (tori, “bird”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tui]

Noun

鳥 (hiragana とぅい, rōmaji tui)

bird
chicken

References

“とぅい【鳥】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

鳥: Hán Nôm readings: điểu, đeo, đéo, đẽo

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 225

[KDJ-4] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJS-5] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN