鯛

鯛

See also: 鲷

鯛 U+9BDB, 鯛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BDB ← 鯚 [U+9BDA] CJK Unified Ideographs 鯜 → [U+9BDC]

Translingual

Han character

鯛 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓火月土口 (NFBGR), four-corner 2732₀, composition ⿰魚周)

1. sea bream, porgy

References

• KangXi: page 1472, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46226
• Dae Jaweon: page 2004, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4697, character 18
• Unihan data for U+9BDB

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Chinese

trad.		鯛
simp.		鲷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (周) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
裯	*tuːw, *dɯw, *do
啁	*tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw
禂	*tuːwʔ
綢	*tʰuːw, *dɯw
翢	*tʰuːw, *duːw
錭	*duːw
雕	*tɯːw
凋	*tɯːw
琱	*tɯːw
鯛	*tɯːw
鵰	*tɯːw
彫	*tɯːw
奝	*tɯːw
調	*dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw
蜩	*dɯːw
惆	*tʰɯw
婤	*tʰɯw, *tjɯw
稠	*dɯw
椆	*dɯw, *tjɯws
周	*tjɯw
輖	*tjɯw
賙	*tjɯw
郮	*tjɯw
晭	*tjɯwʔ
倜	*tʰɯːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tɯːw) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): diāo (diao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): diu¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: diāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: diao
    • Wade–Giles: tiao¹
    • Yale: dyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diau
    • Palladius: дяо (djao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tjɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: diu¹
    • Yale: dīu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: diu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: diu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːu̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /teu/

Rime
Character	鯛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都聊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teu/
Pan Wuyun	/teu/
Shao Rongfen	/teu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛw/
Li Rong	/teu/
Wang Li	/tieu/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	diu1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鯛
Reading #	1/1
No.	17516
Phonetic component	周
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	貂
Old Chinese	/*tɯːw/

Definitions

鯛

1. sea bream

   蒲燒鯛炒飯／蒲烧鲷炒饭  ―  pú shāo diāo chǎofàn  ―  Kabayaki sea bream fried rice

Synonyms

• 鯛鱼／鲷鱼

Compounds

丁鯛／丁鲷 的鯛／的鲷 真鯛／真鲷

菱鯛／菱鲷 雀鯛／雀鲷

黃鯛／黄鲷 黑鯛／黑鲷 (hēidiāo)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	鯛
Kyūjitai [1]	鯛󠄁 鯛+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	鯛󠄄 鯛+󠄄? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

鯛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. sea bream
2. red snapper

Readings

• Go-on: ちょう (chō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
• Kun: たい (tai, 鯛)^{←たひ (tafi, historical)}

Etymology

鯛: a sea bream

Kanji in this term
鯛
たい Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/tapi₁/ → /tapi/ → /tafi/ → /tai/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) た​い [táꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠i]

Noun

鯛(たい) • (tai) ^{←たひ (tafi)?}

1. sea bream (fish of the family Sparidae); porgy
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 16, poem 3829), text here

     醤(ひしほ)酢尓(すに)蒜(ひる)都伎(つき)合(かて)而(て)鯛(たひ)願(ねがふ)吾(われ)尓(に)勿(な)所見(みえそ)水䓗(なぎ)乃(の)煮物(あつもの) [Man'yōgana]

     醤(ひしほ)酢(す)に蒜(ひる)搗(つ)きかてて鯛(たひ)願(ねが)ふ我(わ)れにな見(み)えそ水葱(なぎ)の羹(あつもの) [Modern spelling]

     hishio-su ni hiru tsukikatete tai-negau ware ni na mi(s)e so nagi no atsumono

     Don't show a fellow who's begging for a nice sea bream all fixed with bean paste, with vinegar and pounded garlic, such a thing as water-leek soup![4]

2. specifically, the 真鯛(まだ) (mada, “red sea bream”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鯛島(たいじま) (taijima)
• 鯛焼(たいやき), 鯛(たい)焼(や)き (taiyaki)
• 赤(あこ)魚(う)鯛(だい) (akou-dai)
• 甘(あま)鯛(だい) (amadai, “tilefish”)
• 石(いし)鯛(だい) (ishidai)
• 一等(いっとう)鯛(だい) (ittō-dai)
• 糸撚(いとより)鯛(だい) (itoyori-dai)
• 疣(いぼ)鯛(だい) (ibodai, “Japanese butterfish”)
• 烏帽子(えぼし)鯛(だい) (eboshi-dai, “man-of-war fish”)
• 寒(かん)鯛(だい) (kandai)
• 黄(き)鯛(だい) (kidai)
• 狐(きつね)鯛(だい) (kitsunedai)
• 巾(きん)着(ちゃく)鯛(だい) (kinchaku-dai)
• 金時(きんとき)鯛(だい) (kintoki-dai)
• 金(きん)目(め)鯛(だい), 金(きん)眼(め)鯛(だい) (kinmedai)
• 銀(ぎん)目(め)鯛(だい), 銀(ぎん)眼(め)鯛(だい) (ginmedai)
• 黒(くろ)鯛(だい) (kurodai, “black porgy”)
• 瘤(こぶ)鯛(だい) (kobudai)
• 桜(さくら)鯛(だい) (sakuradai)
• 雀(すずめ)鯛(だい) (suzumedai)
• 千年(せんねん)鯛(だい) (sennen-dai)
• 鷹(たか)の羽(は)鯛(だい) (taka no hadai)
• 血(ち)鯛(だい) (chidai)
• 茅渟(ちぬ)鯛(だい) (chinudai)
• 天竺(てんじく)鯛(だい) (tenjiku-dai)
• 仁座(にざ)鯛(だい) (nizadai)
• 浜(はま)鯛(だい) (hamadai)
• 姫(ひめ)鯛(だい) (himedai)
• 笛(ふえ)鯛(だい) (fuedai)
• 笛(ふえ)奴(やっこ)鯛(だい) (fue-yakko-dai)
• 武(ぶ)鯛(だい), 不(ぶ)鯛(だい) (budai)
• 平(へ)鯛(だい) (hedai)
• 真(ま)鯛(だい) (madai)
• 的(まとう)鯛(だい) (matōdai, “John Dory”)

Idioms

• 鯛(たい)の尾(お)より鰯(いわし)の頭(かしら) (tai no o yori iwashi no kashira)
• 腐(くさ)っても鯛(たい) (kusatte mo tai)

See also

• 鱸(すずき) (suzuki, “sea perch”)

Proper noun

鯛(たい) • (Tai) ^{←たひ (tafi)?}

1. a surname

References

1. “鯛”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 281

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Korean

Hanja

鯛 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

1. (도미) sea bream

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Vietnamese

Han character

鯛: Hán Nôm readings: điêu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999