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单词 鯉
释义

鯉

See also: 鲤
鯉 U+9BC9, 鯉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BC9
← 鯈
[U+9BC8]		CJK Unified Ideographs鯊 →
[U+9BCA]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order
Stroke order (Japan)

鯉 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 弓火田土 (NFWG), four-corner 26314, composition ⿰魚里)

References

  • KangXi: page 1471, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46182
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2003, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4691, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9BC9

Chinese

trad.鯉
simp.鲤

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
埋*mrɯː
霾*mrɯː
薶*mrɯː
榸*ʔr'ɯː
厘*rɯ
狸*rɯ
貍*p·rɯ
梩*rɯ
艃*rɯ
里*rɯʔ
理*rɯʔ
鯉*rɯʔ
俚*rɯʔ
悝*rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː
娌*rɯʔ
裏*rɯʔ
荲*r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers connection to Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”) to be unlikely.

Norman (2014) compares it to Proto-Kam-Tai *mbləi (“carp”), suggesting that it may be an early loan from Chinese; compare Thai ปลาไน (nai, “common carp”), Lakkia [script needed] (-plai⁴, “carp”).

See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): lǐ (li3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): ni3
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): lei5
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lei4
  • Gan (Wiktionary): li3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lî
    (Meixian, Guangdong): li1
  • Jin (Wiktionary): li2
  • Min Bei (KCR): dì / lǐ
  • Min Dong (BUC): lī
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lí / lē / lě / tāi / tai / tâi / tǎi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): li3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐ
      • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
      • Wade–Giles: li3
      • Yale: lǐ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
      • Palladius: ли (li)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: ni3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: lei5
      • Yale: léih
      • Cantonese Pinyin: lei5
      • Guangdong Romanization: léi5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯¹³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lei4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lei²¹/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: li3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî
      • Hakka Romanization System: li´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: li1
      • Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: li1
      • Sinological IPA: /li⁴⁴/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: li2
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁵³/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dì / lǐ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁴²/, /li²¹/
Note:
  • dì - vernacular;
  • lǐ - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: lī
      • Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
      • Tâi-lô: lí
      • Phofsit Daibuun: lie
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kinmen): /li⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
    • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
      • Tâi-lô: lē
      • Phofsit Daibuun: le
      • IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /le³³/
    • (Hokkien: Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lě
      • Tâi-lô: lě
      • IPA (Lukang): /le³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Magong)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
      • Tâi-lô: tāi
      • Phofsit Daibuun: dai
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /tai³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tai
      • Tâi-lô: tai
      • Phofsit Daibuun: day
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Taichung, Hsinchu)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâi
      • Tâi-lô: tâi
      • Phofsit Daibuun: daai
      • IPA (Jinjiang): /tai²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎi
      • Tâi-lô: tǎi
      • IPA (Lukang): /tai³³/
Note:
  • lí - literary;
  • lē/lě, tāi/tai/tâi/tǎi - vernacular (often written as 鮘 or 𩸙).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: li2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí
      • Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: li (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /li²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: li3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /lɨX/
Rime
Character鯉
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)來 (37)
Final (韻)之 (19)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie良士切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/lɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		/lɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		/lieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/lɨX/
Li
Rong		/liəX/
Wang
Li		/lĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/liX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		lǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		lei5
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character鯉
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		lǐ
Middle
Chinese		‹ liX ›
Old
Chinese		/*mə-rəʔ/
Englishcarp (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character鯉
Reading #1/1
No.7828
Phonetic
component		里
Rime
group		之
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		里
Old
Chinese		/*rɯʔ/

Definitions

鯉

  1. carp, especially the common carp
  2. (figuratively) messenger
  3. (figuratively) letter; correspondence

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 鯉魚 (“carp”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese鯉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)鯉魚, 鯉
Taxonomic name鯉
MandarinBeijing鯉魚
Taiwan鯉魚
Tianjin拐子
Harbin鯉子, 鯉魚
Yantai (Muping)鯉魚
Jinan鯉魚
Luoyang鯉魚
Xi'an鯉魚
Yinchuan鯉魚
Lanzhou鯉魚
Xining鯉魚
Ürümqi鯉魚
Wuhan鯉魚
Chengdu鯉魚
Guiyang鯉魚
Liuzhou鯉魚
Xuzhou鯉魚, 紅魚
Yangzhou鯉魚, 龍魚, 花魚
Nanjing鯉魚
Hefei鯉魚
Singapore鯉魚
CantoneseGuangzhou鯉魚
Hong Kong鯉魚
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)鯉魚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)鯉魚
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)鯉魚
Dongguan鯉魚
Yangjiang鯉魚
GanNanchang鯉魚
Lichuan鯉魚
Pingxiang鯉魚
HakkaMeixian鯉魚, 鯉仔
Yudu鯉魚, 鯉子
Miaoli (N. Sixian)鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)鯉魚, 鯉嫲
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)鯉仔, 鯉嫲
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)鯉
Hong Kong鯉嫲
HuizhouJixi鯉魚
JinTaiyuan鯉魚
Xinzhou鯉魚
Min BeiJian'ou鯉仔
Min DongFuzhou鯉魚
Min NanXiamen鯉魚, 鮘魚
Quanzhou鯉魚
Zhangzhou鮘仔魚, 鮘仔, 鯉魚
Taipei鮘魚
Taipei (Wanhua)鮘仔
New Taipei (Sanxia)鮘仔
Kaohsiung鮘仔, 鯉魚, 鮘仔魚
Yilan鮘魚, 鯉魚, 鮘仔魚
Changhua (Lukang)鮘魚, 鯉魚
Taichung烏鮘仔, 鯉魚, 鮘仔魚
Taichung (Wuqi)鮘仔魚
Tainan鮘仔魚, 鯉魚, 鮘仔
Taitung鮘仔
Hsinchu鯉魚, 鮘仔, 鮘仔魚
Kinmen鯉魚
Penghu (Magong)鮘魚, 鯉魚
Chaozhou鯉魚
Haikou鯉魚
Puxian MinPutian鯉魚
Putian (Donghai)鯉魚
Putian (Jiangkou)鯉魚
Putian (Nanri)鯉魚
Xianyou鯉魚
Xianyou (Fengting)鯉魚
Xianyou (Youyang)鯉魚
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)鯉魚
WuShanghai鯉魚, 元寶魚
Shanghai (Chongming)鯉魚
Suzhou鯉魚
Danyang鯉魚
Hangzhou鯉魚, 鯉拐兒
Ningbo元寶魚, 鯉魚
Wenzhou鯉魚
Jinhua鯉魚
XiangChangsha鯉魚, 鯉滑子
Loudi鯉魚
Shuangfeng鯉魚

Compounds

  • 乘鯉／乘鲤
  • 九鯉湖／九鲤湖
  • 冰鯉／冰鲤
  • 剖鯉／剖鲤
  • 孔鯉過庭／孔鲤过庭
  • 尺鯉／尺鲤
  • 控鯉／控鲤
  • 文鯉／文鲤
  • 朱砂鯉／朱砂鲤
  • 朱鯉／朱鲤
  • 江鯉／江鲤
  • 炰鱉膾鯉／炰鳖脍鲤
  • 烹鯉／烹鲤
  • 王字鯉／王字鲤
  • 琴高乘鯉／琴高乘鲤
  • 素鯉／素鲤
  • 臥冰求鯉／卧冰求鲤
  • 角鯉／角鲤
  • 贈鯉／赠鲤
  • 赤鯉／赤鲤
  • 赬鯉／赪鲤
  • 躍鯉／跃鲤
  • 遺鯉／遗鲤
  • 錦鯉／锦鲤 (jǐnlǐ)
  • 陵鯉／陵鲤
  • 雙鯉／双鲤 (shuānglǐ)
  • 雙鯉魚／双鲤鱼 (shuānglǐyú)
  • 駕鯉／驾鲤
  • 騎赤鯉／骑赤鲤
  • 鯉子／鲤子
  • 鯉對／鲤对
  • 鯉庭／鲤庭
  • 鯉書／鲤书
  • 鯉溪／鲤溪 (Lǐxī)
  • 鯉簰／鲤簰
  • 鯉素／鲤素
  • 鯉腸／鲤肠
  • 鯉趨／鲤趋
  • 鯉風／鲤风
  • 鯉魚／鲤鱼 (lǐyú)
  • 鯉魚風／鲤鱼风
  • 鯪鯉／鲮鲤 (línglǐ)
  • 鰻鯉／鳗鲤
  • 鱸鯉／鲈鲤
  • 鴻消鯉息／鸿消鲤息
  • 黃鯉／黄鲤
  • 龍鯉／龙鲤 (lónglǐ)

Japanese

Kanji

鯉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

  • Go-on: り (ri)
  • Kan-on: り (ri)
  • Kun: こい (koi, 鯉)←こひ (kofi, historical)

Compounds

  • 養(よう)鯉(り) (yōri, “carp farming”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鯉
こい
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/ko1pi1/ → /kopi/ → /kofi/ → */kowi/ → /koi/

From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki.

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) こ​い [kóꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [ko̞i]

Noun

鯉(こい) • (koi) ←こひ (kofi)?

  1. carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Usage notes

  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コイ.

Synonyms

  • カープ (kāpu)
  • こ文字(もじ) (komoji, nyōbō kotoba)

Derived terms

Derived terms
  • 鯉口(こいぐち) (koiguchi, “mouth of a (sword's) sheath”)
  • 鯉(こい)のぼり, 鯉(こい)幟(のぼり) (koinobori, “carp streamer”)
  • 伊勢(イセ)鯉(ゴイ) (Ise-goi)
  • 寒(かん)鯉(ごい) (kangoi)
  • 銀(ギン)湯(ユ)鯉(ゴイ) (gin'yu-goi)
  • 似(ニ)鯉(ゴイ) (nigoi)
  • 錦(にしき)鯉(ごい) (nishikigoi, “coloured carp”)
  • 緋(ひ)鯉(ごい) (higoi)
  • 真(ま)鯉(ごい) (ma-goi, “black carp”)
  • 俎板(まないた)の鯉(こい) (manaita no koi)

See also

  • 青(アオ)魚(ウオ) (aouo, “black carp”)
  • 黒(コク)鰱(レン) (kokuren, “bighead carp”)
  • 鯱(しゃちほこ), 鯱(しゃち)鉾(ほこ) (shachihoko)
  • 草(ソウ)魚(ギョ) (sōgyo, “grass carp”)
  • 白(ハク)鰱(レン) (hakuren), 鰱(レン)魚(ギョ) (rengyo, “silver carp”)
  • 鮒(フナ) (funa, “crucian carp”)
  • 腸(ワタ)香(カ) (wataka)

Proper noun

鯉(こい) • (Koi) ←こひ (kofi)?

  1. a surname

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鯉: Hán Nôm readings: lí

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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