鮭

See also: 鲑

鮭	U+9BAD, 鮭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BAD

← 鮬
[U+9BAC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鮮 →
[U+9BAE]

Translingual

Han character

鮭 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓火土土 (NFGG), four-corner 2431₄, composition ⿰魚圭)

Derived characters

𫊒

References

KangXi: page 1470, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46132

Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 24

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4684, character 10

Unihan data for U+9BAD

Chinese

trad.		鮭
simp.		鲑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
街	kreː, kreː
鞋	ɡreː, ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾	ŋreː, ŋreːʔ
佳	*kreː
鮭	ɡreː, kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯	ŋreː, ŋre
崖	ŋreː, ŋre
啀	*ŋreː
厓	*ŋreː
捱	*ŋreː
睚	*ŋreːs
娃	*qreː
洼	qreː, qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇	qreː, qʷraː
胿	ɡeː, kʷeː
溎	*qeːns
觟	*ɡʷraːʔ
黊	ɡʷraːʔ, ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳	ɡʷraːʔ, qʰʷe
蛙	qʷraː, qʷreː
窪	*qʷraː
卦	*kʷreːs
挂	*kʷreːs
掛	*kʷreːs
詿	kʷreːs, ɡʷreːs
罣	kʷreːs, ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓	kʰʷreː, ɡʷreːs
鼃	ɢʷreː, qʷreː
圭	*kʷeː
珪	*kʷeː
邽	*kʷeː
閨	*kʷeː
袿	*kʷeː
窐	kʷeː, ɡʷeː
茥	kʷeː, kʰʷeː
桂	*kʷeːs
筀	*kʷeːs
奎	*kʰʷeː
刲	*kʰʷeː
蝰	*kʰʷeː
楏	*kʰʷeː
睳	*qʰʷeː
畦	*ɡʷeː
眭	ɡʷeː, sqʰʷe, qʰʷe, qʰʷi
烓	qʷeː, kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬	*kʰʷeʔ
恚	*qʷes
硅	*qʰʷreɡ

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guī (gui¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai¹
Min Nan (POJ): kôe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guī
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guei
  - Wade–Giles: kuei¹
  - Yale: gwēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
  - Palladius: гуй (guj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kweɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwai¹
  - Yale: gwāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: guei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kôe
  - Tâi-lô: kuê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kue²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kue²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kue¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kue²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²³/

Middle Chinese: /kwei/

Rime
Character	鮭
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	齊 (40)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古攜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwei/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷei/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwɛj/
Li Rong	/kuei/
Wang Li	/kiwei/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiwei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʷeː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鮭
Reading #	2/3
No.	4575
Phonetic component	圭
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	圭
Old Chinese	/*kʷeː/
Notes	見山海經論衡

Definitions

鮭

blowfish
salmon

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鮭魚 (“salmon”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鮭, 鮭魚
Taxonomic name		鮭
Mandarin	Taiwan	鮭魚
Cantonese	Hong Kong	三文魚
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	三文魚
Min Nan	Tainan	三文魚
	Tainan (Anping)	紅鰱魚
	Penang (Hokkien)	三文魚
Wu	Shanghai	三文魚

Compounds

鮭目／鲑目

鮭菜／鲑菜

鮭魚／鲑鱼 (guīyú)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xié (xie²)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xié
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sié
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh²
  - Yale: syé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
  - Palladius: се (se)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛ/

Rime
Character	鮭
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸佳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣæi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨj/
Li Rong	/ɣɛ/
Wang Li	/ɣai/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣai/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鮭
Reading #	1/3
No.	4533
Phonetic component	圭
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	㥟
Old Chinese	/*ɡreː/
Notes	說文作膎

Definitions

鮭

general name for fish foods

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuí (kui²)
(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuí
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuéi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuei²
  - Yale: kwéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwei
  - Palladius: куй (kuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰweɪ̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰwei/

Rime
Character	鮭
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (40)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦圭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwei/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷei/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwɛj/
Li Rong	/kʰuei/
Wang Li	/kʰiwei/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiwei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kwai¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鮭
Reading #	3/3
No.	4585
Phonetic component	圭
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	睽
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷeː/
Notes	漢姓

Definitions

鮭

Only used in 鮭陽／鲑阳.

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wā (wa¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄚ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wā
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wa
  - Wade–Giles: wa¹
  - Yale: wā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
  - Palladius: ва (va)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wä⁵⁵/

Definitions

鮭

Only used in 鮭蠪／鲑𰲴.

Pronunciation 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 鮭 – see 觟. (This character, 鮭, is a variant form of 觟.)

Japanese

Kanji

鮭

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

chum salmon

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)^{←け (ke, historical)}^{←くゑ (kwe, ancient)}; げ (ge)
Kan-on: かい (kai); けい (kei)^{←けい (kei, historical)}^{←くゑい (kwei, ancient)}
Kun: さけ (sake, 鮭); しゃけ (shake, 鮭)^{←しやけ (syake, historical)}; ふぐ (fugu, 鮭)

Compounds

入(い)れ子鮭(こざけ) (irekozake), 内子鮭(いれこざけ) (irekozake)
乾鮭(からざけ) (karazake)
銀鮭(ぎんざけ) (ginzake)
鮭鱒(けいそん) (keison, “salmons and trouts”)
子籠(こご)もり鮭(ざけ) (kogomorizake)
塩鮭(しおざけ) (shiozake)
塩鮭(しおじゃけ) (shiojake)
白鮭(しろざけ) (shirozake)
大西洋鮭(たいせいようさけ) (taiseiyōsake, “Atlantic salmon”)
時鮭(ときざけ) (tokizake)
生鮭(なまざけ) (namazake)
紅鮭(べにざけ) (benizake)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鮭
さけ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
鮏

Originally borrowed from Ainu サㇰイベ (sak ibe, “salmon”, literally “summer + eat”, in reference to how the fish would be caught and eaten in the summer), or possible alternative unattested compound *サㇰエㇷ゚ (sak ep, literally “summer + food”).[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さけ [sáꜜkè] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3][4]
IPA^(key): [sa̠ke̞]

Noun

鮭(さけ) • (sake)

a chum salmon

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サケ.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鮭
しゃけ Hyōgaiji

Probably a sound shift from the sake reading, possibly to help differentiate from 酒 (sake, “alcoholic beverage”). Alternatively, might be a borrowing from a different dialect of Ainu.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゃけ [sháꜜkè] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ke̞]

Noun

鮭(しゃけ) • (shake)

a chum salmon

References

2005, 日本語源大辞典 (Nihon Gogen Daijiten) (in Japanese), →ISBN, quoted in this 2005 blog post
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鮭 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鮭: Hán Nôm readings: khuê, khoai

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[Gogen-1] 2005, 日本語源大辞典 (Nihon Gogen Daijiten) (in Japanese), →ISBN, quoted in this 2005 blog post

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN