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单词 魚
释义

魚

See also: 鱼, 漁, and 鱻
魚 U+9B5A, 魚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B5A
← 魙
[U+9B59]		CJK Unified Ideographs魛 →
[U+9B5B]
⿂ U+2FC2, ⿂
KANGXI RADICAL FISH
← ⿁
[U+2FC1]		Kangxi Radicals⿃ →
[U+2FC3]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order (Japan)
Stroke order

Han character

魚 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田灬)

  1. Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/魚
  • 𠽐, 𡐚, 𡠵, 𢐗, 𢠐, 𢳶, 漁, 𣊘, 龽, 䐳, 䁩, 𣩕, 𮃣, 䗨, 𨢭, 𠓈, 𨫷, 𩥭
  • 𫑨, 穌, 䔡, 𪽟, 𩅔, 𢊧, 𤹿, 𫊣, 𢖍, 𨶢, 𪗏, 𭍯, 㱎
  • 鱼 (Simplified Chinese)
  • 𩵋 (Variant Chinese character)

References

  • KangXi: page 1465, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B5A

Chinese

trad.魚
simp.鱼
alternative forms𤉯
𤋳
𩵋
𮫬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 魚
ShangWestern ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (魚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘇*sŋaː
穌*sŋaː
魚*ŋa
漁*ŋa
䱷*ŋa

Pictogram (象形) – a fish.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁 (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): yú (yu2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): yu2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йү (yü, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jyu4, jyu4-2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngui3, ngui3*, ngui3-4, ngui3-4*
  • Gan (Wiktionary): nyie4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ǹg
    (Meixian, Guangdong): n2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): y1
  • Min Bei (KCR): ngṳ̂
  • Min Dong (BUC): ngṳ̀
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): hî / hû / hîr / gû / gîr / gî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): he5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): hhngg (T3); hhy (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): y2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: yú
      • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: yú
      • Wade–Giles: yü2
      • Yale: yú
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
      • Palladius: юй (juj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (魚兒／鱼儿)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: yúr
      • Zhuyin: ㄩˊㄦ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: yúr
      • Wade–Giles: yürh2
      • Yale: yúr
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuel
      • Palladius: юйр (jujr)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /yə̯ɻ³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: yu2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: y
      • Sinological IPA (key): /y²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йү (yü, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /y²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jyu4, jyu4-2
      • Yale: yùh, yú
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jy4, jy4-2
      • Guangdong Romanization: yu4, yu4-2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jyː²¹/, /jyː²¹⁻³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: ngui3, ngui3*, ngui3-4, ngui3-4*
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡui²²/, /ᵑɡui²²⁻²²⁵/, /ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹/, /ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹⁵/
Note: ngui3-4* - standalone word for "fish".
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: nyie4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲie³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ǹg
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ng2
      • Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: n2
      • Sinological IPA: /n̩¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: y1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /y¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̂
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̀
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Jinjiang, Philippines)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hî
      • Tâi-lô: hî
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hii
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi¹³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Tainan, Yilan, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hi²⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi²³/
    • (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong, Penang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû
      • Tâi-lô: hû
      • Phofsit Daibuun: huu
      • IPA (Taipei): /hu²⁴/
      • IPA (Penang): /hu²³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hîr
      • Tâi-lô: hîr
      • IPA (Lukang): /hɨ²⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /hɯ²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû
      • Tâi-lô: gû
      • Phofsit Daibuun: guu
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡu²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîr
      • Tâi-lô: gîr
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɯ²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî
      • Tâi-lô: gî
      • Phofsit Daibuun: gii
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³/
Note:
  • hî/hû/hîr - vernacular;
  • gû/gîr/gî - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: he5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ̂
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hɯ⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hhngg (T3); hhy (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɦŋ̍²³/, /ɦy²³/
Note: 3hhy is literary.
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: y2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /y¹³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
魚
MandarinBeijing/y³⁵/
Harbin/y²⁴/
Tianjin/y⁴⁵/
Jinan/y⁴²/
Qingdao/y⁴²/
Zhengzhou/y⁴²/
Xi'an/y²⁴/
Xining/y²⁴/
Yinchuan/y⁵³/
Lanzhou/y⁵³/
Ürümqi/y⁵¹/
Wuhan/y²¹³/
Chengdu/y³¹/
Guiyang/i²¹/
Kunming/i³¹/
Nanjing/y²⁴/
Hefei/zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
JinTaiyuan/y¹¹/
Pingyao/ȵy¹³/
Hohhot/y³¹/
WuShanghai/ŋ̍²³/
/ɦy²³/
Suzhou/ɦy¹³/
/ŋ¹³/
Hangzhou/ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou/ŋøy³¹/
HuiShexian/ny⁴⁴/
Tunxi/ȵy⁴⁴/
XiangChangsha/y¹³/
Xiangtan/y¹²/
GanNanchang/ȵie⁴⁵/
HakkaMeixian/n̩¹¹/
Taoyuan/ŋ̍¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/jy²¹/
Nanning/y²¹/
Hong Kong/jy²¹/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/gu³⁵/
/hi³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/ŋy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/ŋy³³/
Shantou (Min Nan)/hɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/zi³¹/
/hu³¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /ŋɨʌ/
Rime
Character魚
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)疑 (31)
Final (韻)魚 (22)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie語居切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ŋɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		/ŋiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		/ŋiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ŋɨə̆/
Li
Rong		/ŋiɔ/
Wang
Li		/ŋĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ŋi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jyu4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r.ŋ]a/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋa/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character魚
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		yú
Middle
Chinese		‹ ngjo ›
Old
Chinese		/*[r.ŋ]a/
Englishfish (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character魚
Reading #1/1
No.15939
Phonetic
component		魚
Rime
group		魚
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		魚
Old
Chinese		/*ŋa/

Definitions

魚

  1. fish (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 尾 m h mn)
  2. fish (as a food)
  3. (～日) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
  4. † Alternative form of 漁／渔 (yú).
  5. † Alternative form of 吾 (OC *ŋaː).
  6. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 魚 (“fish”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)魚
MandarinBeijing魚
Taiwan魚
Yantai (Muping)魚
Jinan魚
Luoyang魚
Wanrong魚
Xi'an魚
Yinchuan魚
Lanzhou魚兒
Xining魚兒, 魚娃兒
Ürümqi魚
Wuhan魚
Chengdu魚, 擺尾子
Guiyang魚
Guilin魚
Liuzhou魚
Xuzhou魚
Yangzhou魚
Nanjing魚
Hefei魚
Singapore魚
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)魚
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)魚
CantoneseGuangzhou魚
Hong Kong魚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)魚
Macau魚
Guangzhou (Panyu)魚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)魚
Guangzhou (Conghua)魚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)魚
Foshan魚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)魚
Foshan (Shunde)魚
Foshan (Sanshui)魚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)魚
Zhongshan (Shiqi)魚
Zhuhai (Qianshan)魚
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)魚
Zhuhai (Doumen)魚
Jiangmen (Baisha)魚
Jiangmen (Xinhui)魚
Taishan魚
Kaiping (Chikan)魚
Enping (Niujiang)魚
Heshan (Yayao)魚
Dongguan魚
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)魚
Yangjiang魚
Singapore (Guangfu)魚
GanNanchang魚
Lichuan魚
Pingxiang魚仔, 魚
HakkaMeixian魚仔, 魚
Dabu (Xihe)魚仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)魚
Dongguan (Qingxi)魚
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)魚
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)魚
Wuhua (Shuizhai)魚
Wuhua (Huacheng)魚哩
Wuhua (Changbu)魚哩
Wuhua (Mianyang)魚哩
Conghua (Lütian)魚
Jiexi魚
Luhe魚
Changting魚
Yongding魚
Yongding (Xiayang)魚
Yongding (Gaobei)魚
Yongding (Hukeng)魚
Wuping (Zhongshan)魚
Liancheng (Peitian)魚
Liancheng (Zhongbao)魚
Yudu魚子, 魚
Miaoli (N. Sixian)魚仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)魚仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)魚仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)魚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)魚仔, 魚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)魚
Sabah (Longchuan)魚
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)魚
Bangkok (Meixian)魚仔
Bangkok (Fengshun)魚
HuizhouJixi魚
JinTaiyuan魚
Xinzhou魚兒
Min BeiJian'ou魚
Min DongFuzhou魚
Min NanXiamen魚
New Taipei (Tamsui)魚
New Taipei (Pingxi)魚
Kaohsiung (Cijin)魚
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)魚
Yilan (Toucheng)魚
Tainan魚
Tainan (Anping)魚
Penghu (Xiyu)魚
Singapore (Hokkien)魚
Chaozhou魚
Singapore (Teochew)魚
Leizhou魚
Haikou魚
Singapore (Hainanese)魚
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)魚
Sanxiang魚
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)魚
WuShanghai魚, 啊魚
Shanghai (Chongming)魚
Suzhou魚
Danyang魚
Hangzhou魚
Wenzhou魚
XiangChangsha魚
Shuangfeng魚

Compounds

Derived terms from 魚

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (魚):
  • → Japanese: 魚(ぎょ) (gyo)
  • → Korean: 어(魚) (eo)
  • → Vietnamese: ngư (魚)

References

  • “魚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • “Entry #8109”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

魚

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: ご (go)
  • Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo, Jōyō)←ぎよ (gyo, historical)
  • Kun: うお (uo, 魚, Jōyō)←うを (uwo, historical); さかな (sakana, 魚, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: い (i); いお (io)←いを (iwo, historical); お (o)←を (wo, historical); な (na)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 年魚(あゆ), 香魚(あゆ) (ayu)
  • 岩(イワ)魚(ナ), 嘉(イワ)魚(ナ) (iwana)
  • 虎魚(オコゼ) (okoze)
  • 雑魚(ざこ) (zako)
  • 細魚(サヨリ), 針魚(サヨリ) (sayori)
  • 秋刀魚(サンマ) (sanma)
  • 柳葉魚(シシャモ) (shishamo)
  • 衣魚(シミ), 紙魚(シミ), 蠹魚(シミ) (shimi)
  • 章魚(タコ) (tako)
  • 魚屋(ととや) (totoya)
  • 魚子(ななこ) (nanako)
  • 沙魚(ハゼ) (haze)
  • 魚籠(ビク) (biku)
  • 比目魚(ヒラメ) (hirame)
  • 真魚(まな) (mana)
  • 翻車魚(マンボウ) (manbō)
  • 赤目魚(メナダ) (menada)
  • 公魚(ワカサギ) (wakasagi)

Etymology 1

魚 (uo): a fish
Kanji in this term
魚
うお
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/uwo/ → /uo/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) うお [ùó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
    • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝo̞]
    • Audio(file)

Noun

魚(うお) • (uo) ←うを (uwo)?

  1. a fish
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 魚(うお)市(いち)場(ば) (uo ichiba, “fish market”)
  • 魚(うお)河岸(がし) (uogashi, “riverside fish market”)
  • 魚(うお)心(ごころ) (uogokoro)
  • うお座(ざ) (Uo-za)
  • 魚(うお)印(じるし) (uojirushi)
  • 魚(うお)釣(つ)り (uotsuri)
  • 魚(うお)屋(や) (uoya)
  • 青(アオ)魚(ウオ) (aouo)
  • 活(い)け魚(うお) (ikeuo, “live fish and shellfish kept in a tank in a restaurant”)
  • 海(うみ)魚(うお) (umiuo)
  • 大(おお)魚(うお) (ōuo)
  • 鰹(カツオ) (katsuo)
  • 雷(カミナリ)魚(ウオ) (kaminariuo)
  • 川(かわ)魚(うお) (kawauo, “river fish; freshwater fish”)
  • 氷(こおり)の魚(うお) (kōri no uo)
  • 山(サン)椒(ショウ)魚(ウオ) (sanshōuo)
  • 白(シラ)魚(ウオ) (shirauo, “icefish”)
  • 棘(トゲ)魚(ウオ) (togeuo, “stickleback fish”)
  • 飛(と)び魚(うお) (tobiuo, “flying fish”)
  • 針(はり)魚(うお) (hariuo), 針(はり)魚(お) (hario)
    • 針魚(ハリヨ) (hariyo)
  • 氷(ひ)魚(うお) (hiuo)
  • 藻(も)魚(うお) (mouo)
Idioms
Idioms
  • 魚(うお)と水(みず) (uo to mizu)
  • 魚(うお)の木(き)に登(のぼ)る如(ごと)し (uo no ki ni noboru gotoshi)
  • 魚(うお)の水(みず)を得(え)たよう (uo no mizu o etayou)
  • 魚(うお)の水(みず)を離(はな)れたよう (uo no mizu o hanaretayou)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 魚(うお)の釜(ふ)中(ちゅう)に遊(あそ)ぶが若(ごと)し (uo no fuchū ni asobu ga gotoshi)
  • 魚(うお)の目(め)に水(みず)見(み)えず (uo no me ni mizu miezu)
  • 魚(うお)は鯛(たい) (uo wa tai)
  • 魚(うお)を得(え)て筌(うけ)を忘(わす)る (uo o ete uke o wasuru)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
魚
いお
Grade: 2
irregular

/uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/

Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period.

Still used today in some dialects.[1]

Noun

魚(いお) • (io) ←いを (iwo)?

  1. (archaic or dialectal) a fish
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 魚(いお)亀(がめ) (iogame)
  • 魚(いお)鋤(すき) (iosuki)
  • 魚(いお)捕(と)り (iotori)
  • 魚(いお)の目(め) (io no me), 魚(いお)目(め) (iome)
  • 上(あ)げ魚(いお) (ageio)
  • 氷(こおり)の魚(いお) (kōri no io)
  • 雀(すずめ)魚(いお) (suzumeio)
  • 針(はり)魚(いお) (hariio)
  • 干(ひ)魚(いお) (hiio)
  • 藻(も)魚(いお) (moio)

Etymology 3

魚 (sakana): a fish used as a side dish
Kanji in this term
魚
さかな
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with 肴 (sakana, “side dish of meat or vegetables usually served with alcoholic beverages”), itself a compound of Old Japanese-derived elements 酒 (saka, unbound apophonic form of sake2, “alcoholic beverage, especially sake”) +‎ 肴, 菜, 魚 (na, “generic term for a side dish, especially vegetables, fish, or other meat”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) さかな [sàkáná] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
    • IPA(key): [sa̠ka̠na̠]

Noun

魚(さかな) • (sakana) 

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    庭(にわ)で美(お)味(い)しい魚(さかな)を食(た)べた。
    Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
    I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
    • 2000 January 27, “レインボー・フィッシュ [Rainbow Fish]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
      世(よ)にも珍(めずら)しい七(なな)色(いろ)の魚(さかな)。捕(つか)まえるのはかなり難(むずか)しい。
      Yonimo mezurashii nanairo no sakana. Tsukamaeru no wa kanari muzukashii.
      An extremely rare seven-colored fish. It is quite difficult to catch.
    • 2011 May 14, “半(はん)魚(ぎょ)獣(じゅう)・フィッシャービースト [Semi-Ichthyobestia Fisherbeast]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
      陸(りく)では獣(けもの)のように、海(うみ)では魚(さかな)のように素(す)早(ばや)く攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
      Riku de wa kemono no yō ni, umi de wa sakana no yō ni subayaku kōgeki suru.
      Like a beast on land, like a fish in the sea, he attacks swiftly.
  2. a side dish, specifically referring to fish
    Synonym: お菜 (okazu)
Usage notes

This is now the most common general word for fish in modern standard Japanese.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 青(あお)魚(ざかな) (aozakana)
  • 生(い)き魚(ざかな) (ikizakana)
  • 川(かわ)魚(ざかな) (kawazakana)
  • 小(こ)魚(ざかな) (kozakana)
  • 下(げ)魚(ざかな) (gezakana, “inferior fish, cheap fish”)
  • 魚(さかな)釣(つ)り (sakanatsuri)
  • 魚(さかな)屋(や) (sakanaya, “fishmonger, fish store/shop”)
  • 魚(さかな)河岸(がし) (sakanagashi, “riverside fish market”)
  • 塩(しお)魚(ざかな) (shiozakana)
  • 年(とし)取(と)り魚(ざかな) (toshitorizakana)
  • 生(なま)魚(ざかな) (namazakana)
  • 煮(に)魚(ざかな) (nizakana)
  • 干(ひ)魚(ざかな) (hizakana)
  • 焼(や)き魚(ざかな) (yakizakana)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
魚
ぎょ
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ŋɨʌ).

Noun

魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

  1. a fish
  2. Short for 魚鱗 (gyorin): fish scales

Affix

魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

  1. fish
  2. fishlike
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 魚(ぎょ)影(えい) (gyoei)
  • 魚(ぎょ)塩(えん) (gyoen)
  • 魚(ぎょ)価(か) (gyoka)
  • 魚(ぎょ)介(かい) (gyokai)
  • 魚(ぎょ)目(もく) (gyomoku)
  • 魚(ぎょ)綾(りゅう) (gyoryū)
  • 魚(ぎょ)綾(りょう), 魚(ぎょ)陵(りょう), 魚(ぎょ)竜(りょう) (gyoryō)
  • 魚(ぎょ)鱗(りん) (gyorin)
  • 魚(ぎょ)類(るい) (gyorui)
  • 海(かい)魚(ぎょ) (kaigyo)
  • 活(かつ)魚(ぎょ) (katsugyo)
  • 乾(かん)魚(ぎょ) (kangyo)
  • 金(キン)魚(ギョ) (kingyo)
  • 水(すい)魚(ぎょ) (suigyo)
  • 成(せい)魚(ぎょ) (seigyo)
  • 鮮(せん)魚(ぎょ) (sengyo)
  • 大(たい)魚(ぎょ) (taigyo)
  • 稚(ち)魚(ぎょ) (chigyo)
  • 人(にん)魚(ぎょ) (ningyo)
  • 白(はく)魚(ぎょ) (hakugyo)
  • 木(もく)魚(ぎょ) (mokugyo)
  • 養(よう)魚(ぎょ) (yōgyo)
  • 熱(ねっ)帯(たい)魚(ぎょ) (nettaigyo)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ŋɨʌ).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí)어 (Yale: è)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹]
  • Phonetic hangul: [어]

Hanja

Wikisource魚 (eumhun 물고기 어 (mulgogi eo))

  1. Hanja form? of 어 (“fish”). [affix]

Compounds

Compounds
  • 문어 (文魚, muneo)
  • 악어 (鰐魚, ageo)
  • 어뢰 (魚雷, eoroe)
  • 어류 (魚類, eoryu)
  • 어족 (魚族, eojok)
  • 연어 (鰱魚, yeoneo)
  • 인어 (人魚, ineo)
  • 장어 (長魚, jang'eo)
  • 청어 (靑魚, cheong'eo)
  • 오징어 (烏賊魚, ojing'eo)
  • 어망 (魚網, eomang)
  • 어분 (魚粉, eobun)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

魚

Readings

  • Kun: いう (iu); いゆ (iyu)

Compounds

  • 飛魚 (tubū)

Etymology 1

/ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/

Shift from iu below.

Pronunciation

  • (Shuri-Naha) い​ゆ [íꜜyù] (Kakō - [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ʔiju]

Noun

魚 (hiragana いゆ, rōmaji iyu)

  1. a fish
    魚(いゆ)取(とぅ)いが行(い)ちゅん。
    Iyu tuiga ichun.
    I will go catch a fish.
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 魚売やー (iyu uyā)
  • 魚肉 (iyushishi)
  • 魚天麩羅 (iyu tinpura)
  • 魚ぬ目 (iyu nu mī)
  • 魚市 (iyumachi, “fishmarket”)
  • 鯉魚 (kū'iyu)
  • 下がい魚 (sagaiiyu, “fish that is no longer fresh”)
  • 田魚 (tā'iyu, “crucian carp”)
  • 太刀ぬ魚 (tachi nu iyu)

Etymology 2

Cognate with Old Japanese 魚 (uwo).

Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚 (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʔiu]

Noun

魚 (hiragana いう, rōmaji iu)

  1. a fish

References

  1. Okinawan Dictionary Data Collection
  • “いう・いゆ【魚】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

魚 (uwo) (kana うを)

  1. a fish
Derived terms
  • 大魚 (opuwo)
  • 氷魚 (pi1wo)
Descendants
  • Japanese: 魚 (uo, io)

Etymology 2

Cognate with 肴 (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.

Noun

魚 (na) (kana な)

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869, first variant), text here
      多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉
      tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
      Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
Derived terms
  • 勇魚, 鯨魚 (isana, “whale”)
Descendants
  • Japanese: 魚 (sakana)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

魚: Hán Việt readings: ngư (語(ngữ)居(cư)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
魚: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngư (“fish”).

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).

Yonaguni

Kanji

魚 (hiragana いゆ, romaji iyu)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [iju]

Noun

魚 (hiragana いゆ, romaji iyu)

  1. fish

Derived terms

  • 魚ぱし (iyupashi, “fishing”)

Yoron

Kanji

魚 (hiragana っゆー, romaji 'yū)

Noun

魚 (hiragana っゆー, romaji 'yū)

  1. fish
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