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单词 魏
释义

魏

魏 U+9B4F, 魏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B4F
← 魎
[U+9B4E]		CJK Unified Ideographs魐 →
[U+9B50]

Translingual

Han character

魏 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹女竹山戈 (HVHUI), four-corner 26413, composition ⿰委鬼)

Derived characters

  • 𨇷, 巍, 蘶, 𡿁, 犩, 𦓌, 𧕞, 䭳

References

  • KangXi: page 1462, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45872
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1996, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4434, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+9B4F

Chinese

trad.魏
simp. #魏
2nd round simp.⿰委乚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謉*tkuːlʔ, *krul
瑰*kuːl, *ɡuːl
傀*kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
藱*kuːl
魁*kʰuːl
磈*kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
塊*kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
嵬*ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
隗*ŋɡuːlʔ
槐*ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
瘣*ɡuːlʔ
廆*ɡuːlʔ
溾*ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
螝*ɡuːls, *krul
褢*ɡruːl
騩*krul, *kruls, *kul
愧*kruls
媿*kruls
聭*kruls
餽*ɡruls
鬼*kulʔ
魏*ŋɡuls
巍*ŋul
犩*ŋul, *ŋuls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).

Etymology

high
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs OC pronunciation *ŋuih and includes 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls) as well as 巍 (OC *ŋui) in one set, which may be the vocalic variant of 危 (OC *ŋoi).
name of Zhou's vassal state

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai6
  • Gan (Wiktionary): ui5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngui
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngui4
  • Min Dong (BUC): ngôi
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): gūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghui7 / ngui7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): ngue (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
      • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
      • Wade–Giles: wei4
      • Yale: wèi
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
      • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ngai6
      • Yale: ngaih
      • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai6
      • Guangdong Romanization: ngei6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: ui5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ui¹¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngui
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngui
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui4
      • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ngui4
      • Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ⁵³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngôi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋui²⁴²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi
      • Tâi-lô: guī
      • Phofsit Daibuun: gui
      • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡui²²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²/
      • IPA (Taipei): /ɡui³³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ghui7 / ngui7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gūi / ngūi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɡui¹¹/, /ŋui¹¹/
Note: ngui7 - Chaoyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: ngue (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɯe̞²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /ŋʉiH/
Rime
Character魏
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)疑 (31)
Final (韻)微 (21)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie魚貴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ŋʉiH/
Pan
Wuyun		/ŋʷɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen		/ŋiuəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ŋujH/
Li
Rong		/ŋiuəiH/
Wang
Li		/ŋĭwəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ŋwe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		wèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ngai6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰuj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡuls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character魏
Reading #2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		wèi
Middle
Chinese		‹ ngjwɨjH ›
Old
Chinese		/*N-qʰuj-s/
Englishhigh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character魏
Reading #1/1
No.4690
Phonetic
component		鬼
Rime
group		微
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		魏
Old
Chinese		/*ŋɡuls/
Notes說文段注巍省文

Definitions

魏

  1. (historical) (～國) State of Wei during the Warring States period
  2. (historical) (～國) Cao Wei, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period
  3. (historical) (～朝) any of the dynasties of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei or Western Wei
  4. a surname
    魏徵／魏征  ―  Wèi Zhēng  ―  Wei Zheng (Tang dynasty politician)
  5. † high; tall
  6. † palace watchtower

Synonyms

  • 梁 (liáng)
  • 梁國／梁国 (Liángguó)
  • 魏國／魏国 (Wèiguó)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
NameTime periodDivisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代)		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代)		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代)		1046 – 256 BCEWestern Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代)		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)		206 BCE – 220 C.E.Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国		220 – 280 C.E.Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)		265 – 420 C.E.Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝		420 – 589 C.E.Northern dynasties
北朝		Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代)		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代)		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代)		960 – 1279 C.E.Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代)		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代)		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代)		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代)		1636 – 1912 C.E.
Republic of China
民國／民国		1912 C.E. – present
People's Republic of China
人民共和國／人民共和国		1949 C.E. – present

Compounds

  • 丙魏
  • 冉魏 (Rǎnwèi)
  • 北魏 (Běiwèi)
  • 曹魏 (Cáo Wèi)
  • 西魏 (Xīwèi)
  • 阿魏 (ēwèi)
  • 阿魏化痞膏 (āwèi huàpǐ gāo)
  • 魏大 (Wèidà)
  • 魏孝文帝
  • 魏恩海姆 (Wèi'ēnhǎimǔ)
  • 魏文侯
  • 魏文帝
  • 魏李 (Wèilǐ)
  • 魏河 (Wèihé)
  • 魏然
  • 魏碑 (wèibēi)
  • 魏道武帝
  • 不知有漢，何論魏晉／不知有汉，何论魏晋 (bùzhī yǒu Hàn, hé lùn Wèi Jìn)
  • 圍魏救趙／围魏救赵 (wéiwèijiùzhào)
  • 姚黃魏紫／姚黄魏紫 (Yáohuáng Wèizǐ)
  • 後魏／后魏
  • 心在魏闕／心在魏阙
  • 心存魏闕／心存魏阙
  • 心瞻魏闕／心瞻魏阙
  • 心馳魏闕／心驰魏阙
  • 東魏／东魏 (Dōngwèi)
  • 漢魏風骨／汉魏风骨
  • 熟魏生張／熟魏生张
  • 生張熟魏／生张熟魏
  • 魏晉／魏晋 (Wèi-Jìn)
  • 魏晉南北朝／魏晋南北朝 (Wèi-Jìn Nán-Běi Cháo)
  • 魏晉風度／魏晋风度 (wèijìnfēngdù)
  • 魏書／魏书
  • 魏瑪共和國／魏玛共和国 (Wèimǎ Gònghéguó)
  • 魏紫姚黃／魏紫姚黄
  • 魏蜀吳／魏蜀吴 (Wèi-Shǔ-Wú)
  • 魏闕／魏阙
  • 魏顆結草／魏颗结草

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéi, wēi (wei2, wei1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ, ㄨㄟ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
      • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
      • Wade–Giles: wei2
      • Yale: wéi
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
      • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
      • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: wei
      • Wade–Giles: wei1
      • Yale: wēi
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
      • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ngai4
      • Yale: ngàih
      • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai4
      • Guangdong Romanization: ngei4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐi̯²¹/
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰuj/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character魏
Reading #1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		wéi
Middle
Chinese		‹ ngjwɨj ›
Old
Chinese		/*N-qʰuj/
Englishhigh, majestic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

魏

  1. † standing alone
  2. Alternative form of 巍 (wéi, “towering”).

Japanese

Kanji

魏

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. high
  2. large

Readings

  • Go-on: げ (ge)←げ (ge, historical)←ぐゑ (gwe, ancient)
  • Kan-on: ぎ (gi)←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)
  • On: がい (gai)←ぐわい (gwai, historical)
  • Kun: たかい (takai, 魏い)
  • Nanori: たかし (takashi)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)
  • 魏魏(ぎぎ) (gigi)
  • 魏晋南北朝(ぎしんなんぼくちょう) (gishinnanbokuchō)
  • 西魏(せいぎ) (Seigi)
  • 曹魏(そうぎ) (Sōgi)
  • 東魏(とうぎ) (Tōgi)
  • 北魏(ほくぎ) (Hokugi)

Proper noun

魏(ぎ) • (Gi) 

  1. Wei kingdom in China

Korean

Hanja

魏 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)

  1. Hanja form? of 위 (“Wei kingdom in China”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 북위 (北魏, bugwi)
  • 서위 (西魏, seowi)
  • 동위 (東魏, dong'wi)
  • 아위 (阿魏, awi)
  • 조위 (曹魏, jowi)

Usage notes

  • May also be romanized as Wie when used as surname.

Vietnamese

Han character

魏: Hán Việt readings: nguy, ngụy/nguỵ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 北魏 (Bắc Ngụy/Bắc Nguỵ)

References

  • Nom Foundation
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