魂

魂	U+9B42, 魂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B42

← 魁
[U+9B41]

CJK Unified Ideographs

魃 →
[U+9B43]

Translingual

Han character

魂 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一戈竹戈 (MIHI), four-corner 1671₃, composition ⿰云鬼)

References

KangXi: page 1461, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45787

Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4428, character 9

Unihan data for U+9B42

Chinese

trad.		魂
simp. ^#		魂
alternative forms		䰟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 魂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (云) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
魂	*ɢuːn
沄	ɢuːn, ɢun
忶	ɢuːn, ɢuns
囩	*ɢun
夽	*ŋunʔ
雲	*ɢun
芸	*ɢun
耘	*ɢun
妘	*ɢun
紜	*ɢun
云	*ɢun
耺	*ɢun
蕓	*ɢun
澐	*ɢun
橒	*ɢun
抎	*ɢunʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuːn) : phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun) + semantic 鬼.

Etymology

Cognate with 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (Carr, 1985).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hún (hun²)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fùn
(Meixian, Guangdong): fun²
Min Dong (BUC): hùng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hûn
(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhun (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hún
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hún
  - Wade–Giles: hun²
  - Yale: hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
  - Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁴
  - Yale: wàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: funˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun²
  - Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fun²
  - Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
  - Tâi-lô: hûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hûng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhun (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɯə̯ɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuən/

Rime
Character	魂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸昆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən/
Li Rong	/ɣuən/
Wang Li	/ɣuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m.]qʷˤə[n]/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɢuːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	魂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[m.]qʷˁə[n]/
English	spiritual soul
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魂
Reading #	1/1
No.	16353
Phonetic component	云
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䰟
Old Chinese	/*ɢuːn/

Definitions

魂

(religion, folklore) the hun, the soul which goes to heaven, as opposed to the 魄 (pò), which goes down to the earth with the body at death.
soul; spirit
mood
the lofty spirit of a nation or people

Synonyms

魄 (pò)
靈／灵 (líng)
幽靈／幽灵 (yōulíng)
鬼 (guǐ)

Compounds

Derived terms from 魂

七魄三魂
三魂七魄 (sānhúnqīpò)
亡魂 (wánghún)
亡魂失魄
催魂
冤魂 (yuānhún)
冤魂不散
冰魂
冰魂雪魄
勾魂
叫魂
失魂
失魂落魄 (shīhúnluòpò)
孤魂 (gūhún)
孤魂野鬼
安魂曲 (ānhúnqǔ)
少魂失魄
幽魂 (yōuhún)
弄精魂
引魂旛
心魂 (xīnhún)
心魂不定
忘魂
忠魂
拉魂腔
招魂 (zhāohún)
招魂旛
掉魂
梧丘之魂
消魂
狂魂怨鬼
生魂
神魂 (shénhún)
芳魂
芳魂已杳
英魂 (yīnghún)
返魂
返魂草
迷魂 (míhún)
迷魂寨
鬼魂 (guǐhún)
魂不守宅
魂不守舍 (húnbùshǒushè)
魂子

魂衣
魂魂
魂魄 (húnpò)
三魂唔見七魄／三魂唔见七魄
亡魂喪膽／亡魂丧胆
亡魂喪魄／亡魂丧魄
借屍還魂／借尸还魂 (jièshīhuánhún)
倩女離魂／倩女离魂
剩魄殘魂／剩魄残魂
勾魂攝魄／勾魂摄魄
喪膽亡魂／丧胆亡魂
喪膽銷魂／丧胆销魂
喪蕩游魂／丧荡游魂
喪魂落魄／丧魂落魄
國魂／国魂 (guóhún)
夢勞魂想／梦劳魂想
夢斷魂勞／梦断魂劳
夢斷魂消／梦断魂消
夢魂／梦魂 (mènghún)
夢魂顛倒／梦魂颠倒
失魂喪魄／失魂丧魄
失魂魚／失魂鱼
奪魂／夺魂
宮魂／宫魂
少魂沒識／少魂没识
揚幡招魂／扬幡招魂
攝魂／摄魂
攝魄鉤魂／摄魄钩魂
斷魂／断魂 (duànhún)
有魂沒識／有魂没识
步步驚魂／步步惊魂
沒魂少智／没魂少智
目斷魂消／目断魂消
目斷魂銷／目断魂销
目眩魂搖／目眩魂摇
破膽喪魂／破胆丧魂
神搖魂蕩／神摇魂荡
神魂搖蕩／神魂摇荡
神魂撩亂／神魂撩乱
神魂蕩漾／神魂荡漾
神魂蕩颺／神魂荡飏
神魂顛倒／神魂颠倒 (shénhúndiāndǎo)
神魂飄蕩／神魂飘荡 (shénhúnpiāodàng)
神魂飛蕩／神魂飞荡

神魂飛越／神魂飞越
神魂馳蕩／神魂驰荡
膽裂魂飛／胆裂魂飞
色授魂與／色授魂与
軍人魂／军人魂
返魂乏術／返魂乏术 (fǎnhúnfáshù)
迷魂奪魄／迷魂夺魄
迷魂湯／迷魂汤 (míhúntāng)
迷魂陣／迷魂阵
追魂攝魄／追魂摄魄
遊魂／游魂
還魂／还魂 (huánhún)
還魂記／还魂记
釜底遊魂／釜底游魂
銷魂／销魂 (xiāohún)
銷魂奪魄／销魂夺魄
長役夢魂／长役梦魂
陰魂／阴魂 (yīnhún)
陰魂不散／阴魂不散
離魂病／离魂病
離魂記／离魂记
雨魄雲魂／雨魄云魂
靈魂／灵魂 (línghún)
靈魂之窗／灵魂之窗
靈魂人物／灵魂人物
領魂車／领魂车
顯魂／显魂
風鶴魂驚／风鹤魂惊
驚魂／惊魂 (jīnghún)
魂不附體／魂不附体 (hún bù fù tǐ)
魂亡膽落／魂亡胆落
魂消氣泄／魂消气泄
魂牽夢縈／魂牵梦萦 (húnqiān-mèngyíng)
魂車／魂车
魂轎／魂轿
魂銷魄散／魂销魄散
魂靈／魂灵 (húnlíng)
魂飄魄散／魂飘魄散
魂飛天外／魂飞天外 (húnfēitiānwài)
魂飛魄喪／魂飞魄丧
魂飛魄散／魂飞魄散 (húnfēipòsàn)
魄散魂飛／魄散魂飞
黯然銷魂／黯然销魂

Japanese

Kanji

魂

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

soul, spirit
vigor/vigour, willpower

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
Kun: たま (tama, 魂); たましい (tamashii, 魂, Jōyō)^{←たましひ (tamasifi, historical)}
Nanori: こころ (kokoro); もと (moto)

Compounds

魂(こん)胆(たん) (kontan)
魂(こん)柱(ちゅう) (konchū)
魂(こん)魄(ぱく) (konpaku)
英(えい)魂(こん) (eikon)
還(かん)魂(こん) (kankon)
気(き)魂(こん) (kikon)
吟(ぎん)魂(こん) (ginkon)
香(こう)魂(こん) (kōkon)
士(し)魂(こん) (shikon)
詩(し)魂(こん) (shikon)
入(じっ)魂(こん) (jikkon)
商(しょう)魂(こん) (shōkon)
招(しょう)魂(こん) (shōkon)
消(しょう)魂(こん), 銷(しょう)魂(こん) (shōkon)
蜀(しょっ)魂(こん) (shokkon)
入(じゅ)魂(こん) (jukon)
入(じゅっ)魂(こん) (jukkon)
心(しん)魂(こん), 神(しん)魂(こん) (shinkon)
身(しん)魂(こん) (shinkon)
精(せい)魂(こん) (seikon)
奪(だっ)魂(こん) (dakkon)
脱(だっ)魂(こん) (dakkon)
忠(ちゅう)魂(こん) (chūkon)
鎮(ちん)魂(こん) (chinkon)
闘(とう)魂(こん) (tōkon)
入(にゅう)魂(こん) (nyūkon)
反(はん)魂(ごん) (hangon)
亡(ぼう)魂(こん) (bōkon)
芳(ほう)魂(こん) (hōkon)
夢(む)魂(こん) (mukon)
幽(ゆう)魂(こん) (yūkon)
遊(ゆう)離(り)魂(こん) (yūrikon)
離(り)魂(こん)病(びょう) (rikonbyō)
霊(れい)魂(こん) (reikon)
神(かみ)魂(むすびの)命(みこと) (Kamimusubi no Mikoto)
蜀魂(ホトトギス) (hototogisu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
魂
たましい Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨tamasipi₁⟩ → */tamasipʲi/ → /tamaɕifi/ → /tamaɕiwi/ → /tamaɕiː/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tamasipi.

Compound of 魂 (tama, “soul, spirit”, see below) and an uncertain shii, possibly 強ひ (shihi → shii), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 強ふ (shifu → shiu), modern 強いる (shiiru, “to force, compel”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Alternative forms

魄

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) たましい [táꜜmàshìì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [ta̠ma̠ɕiː]

Noun

魂(たましい) • (tamashī) ^{←たましひ (tamasifi)^?}

(religion, folklore) a soul, spirit
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3767), text here
  多麻之比(たましひ)波(は)安之多由布敝尓(あしたゆふへに)多麻布礼杼(たまふれど)安我牟祢伊多之(あがむねいたし)古非能之氣吉尓(こひのしげきに) [Man'yōgana]
  魂(たましひ)は朝(あした)夕(ゆふべ)にたまふれど我(あ)が胸(むね)痛(いた)し恋(こひ)の繁(しげ)きに [Modern spelling]
  tamashī wa ashita-yūbe ni tamafuredo aga mune itashi koi no shigeki ni
  (please add an English translation of this example)
Synonyms: アニマ (anima), ゼーレ (zēre), ソウル (sōru), 霊魂 (reikon)
mind, spirit, vigor/vigour, willpower
Synonyms: ガイスト (gaisuto), 気力 (kiryoku), 心 (kokoro), 心魂 (kokorodama), 精神 (seishin)
(figurative) spirit (manner or style of something, enthusiasm)
(figurative, by extension) attitude, readiness
Synonym: 気構え (kigamae)
discretion, judgement, prudence
Synonyms: 才略 (sairyaku), 思慮 (shiryo), 分別 (funbetsu)
character, genius, talent, wisdom
Synonyms: 素質 (soshitsu), 天分 (tenbun), 才気 (saiki)
(from a warrior's "spirit") a katana (single-edged Japanese sword)
Synonym: 刀 (katana)

Derived terms

魂(たましい)の (tamashī no, pillow word)
男(おとこ)の魂(たましい) (otoko no tamashī)
女(おんな)の魂(たましい) (onna no tamashī)
国(くに)魂(だましい) (kuni-damashī)
心(こころ)魂(だましい) (kokoro-damashī)
面(つら)魂(だましい) (tsura-damashī)
負(ま)けじ魂(だましい) (makeji-damashī)
大和(やまと)魂(だましい) (Yamato-damashī)

Idioms

魂(たましい)が抜(ぬ)ける (tamashī ga nukeru)
魂(たましい)を入(い)れ替(か)える (tamashī o irekaeru)
魂(たましい)を消(け)す (tamashī o kesu)
魂(たましい)を天外(てんがい)に飛(と)ばす (tamashī o tengai ni tobasu)
魂(たましい)を冷(ひ)やす (tamashī o hiyasu)
大(だい)小(しょう)は武(ぶ)士(し)の魂(たましい) (daishō wa bushi no tamashī)
三(み)つ子(ご)の魂(たましい)百(ひゃく)まで (mitsugo no tamashī hyaku made)

Proverbs

一(いっ)寸(すん)の虫(むし)にも五(ご)分(ぶ)の魂(たましい) (issun no mushi ni mo gobu no tamashī)
仏(ほとけ)作(つく)って魂(たましい)入(い)れず (hotoke tsukutte tamashī irezu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
魂
たま Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tama.

Thought to be cognate with 玉 (tama, “jewel”).[1]

Alternative forms

魄, 霊

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) たま [táꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [ta̠ma̠]

Noun

魂(たま) • (tama) ^{←たま (tama)^?}

a soul, spirit
- 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 10, poem 448)
  空蟬(うつせみ)のからは木(き)ごとにとどむれどたまのゆくへを見(み)ぬぞかなしき
  utsusemi no kara-wa-ki-goto ni todomuredo tama no yukue o minu zo kanashiki
  (please add an English translation of this example)
Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)

Derived terms

魂(たま)合(あ)う (tamaau)
魂(たま)送(おく)り (tamaokuri)
魂(たま)緒(お)の星(ほし) (Tamao no Hoshi)
魂(たま)消(ぎ)る (tamagiru)
魂(たま)極(きわ)る (tama kiwaru, pillow word)
魂(たま)消(げ)る (tamageru)
魂(たま)離(さか)る (tamasakaru)
鎮(たま)魂(しずめ) (tamashizume)
魂(たま)棚(だな) (tamadana)
魂(たま)殿(どの) (tamadono)
魂(たま)振(ふ)り (tamafuri)
魂(たま)讃(ほめ)星(ぼし) (Tamahomeboshi)
魂(たま)祭(まつり) (tama-matsuri), 魂(たま)祭(まつ)り (tama-matsuri)
魂(たま)迎(むか)え (tamamukae)
魂(たま)結(むす)び (tamamusubi)
魂(たま)屋(や) (tamaya)
魂(たま)呼(よ)ばい (tamayobai), 魂(たま)呼(よ)び (tamayobi)
悪(あく)魂(だま) (akudama)
稲(いな)魂(たま) (inatama), 稲(いな)魂(だま) (inadama)
肝(きも)魂(だま) (kimodama), 肝(きも)魂(たま) (kimotama), 肝(きも)っ魂(たま) (kimottama)
国(くに)魂(たま) (kunitama)
心(こころ)魂(だま) (kokorodama)
木(こ)魂(だま) (kodama), 木(こ)魂(たま) (kotama)
根(こん)性(じょう)魂(だま) (konjō-dama)
亡(な)き魂(たま) (nakitama)
和(にき)魂(たま) (nikitama)
人(ひと)魂(だま) (hitodama)
船(ふな)魂(だま) (funadama)
御(み)魂(たま) (mitama)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
魂
こん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC ɦuən).

Compare modern Mandarin 魂 (hún)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) こん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

Noun

魂(こん) • (kon)

mind, spirit, will
Synonyms: 心 (kokoro), 精神 (seishin)
a soul, spirit
Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)
hun: yang energy or spirit
Antonym: 魄 (haku)
Hypernym: 魂魄 (konpaku)

Derived terms

和(わ)魂(こん) (wakon)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
魂
こころ Grade: S
irregular

From 心 (kokoro, “heart, mind, spirit”).

Proper noun

魂(こころ) • (Kokoro)

a female given name

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC ɦuən).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅩᆫ (Yale: hhwon) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 혼 (hwon) (Yale: hwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞n]
Phonetic hangul: [혼]

Hanja

Wikisource魂 (eumhun 넋 혼 (neok hon))

Hanja form^? of 혼 (“soul; spirit”).

Compounds

진혼 (鎭魂, jinhon)
상혼 (商魂, sanghon)
생혼 (生魂, saenghon)
영혼 (靈魂, yeonghon)
투혼 (鬪魂, tuhon)
혼령 (魂靈, hollyeong)
혼백 (魂魄, honbaek)
단혼 (斷魂, danhon)
초혼 (招魂, chohon)
혼기 (魂氣, hon'gi)
망혼 (亡魂, manghon)
원혼 (冤魂, wonhon)
혼신 (魂神, honsin)
혼담 (魂膽, hondam)
혼비백산 (魂飛魄散, honbibaeksan)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

魂

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Kun: たまし (tamashi, 魂); たましー (tamashī, 魂)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
魂
たまし Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

魂 (hiragana たまし, rōmaji tamashi)

soul, spirit, mind

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
魂
たましー Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

魂 (hiragana たましー, rōmaji tamashī)

(religion) soul of the dead
Antonym: まぶい

References

“タマシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

“タマシー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

Vietnamese

Han character

魂: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hun, hùn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Kanji

魂

Kun: たまち (tamachi)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 魂 (tamashī)

Noun

魂 (hiragana たまち, rōmaji tamachi)

(religion) soul; spirit

References

“たまち【魂】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN